Changes: Majalla/BOOK II

04.02, 25 Haziran 2019 tarihindeki hâli

Adobe Post 20190711 080718 — Majalla/English

D Şablon:Majalla bakınız .Portal:Mecelle. Majalla. Mecelle/English [1]
AL-MAJALLA AL AHKAM AL ADALIYYAH (The Ottoman Courts Manual (Hanafi)) The Journal of The Verdicts of The Justice Mecelle/Dictionary ENG word .Mecelle/İngilizce/Düz metin Majalla 1. Sale (BUYU' 101-403 ). 2.Majalla/Book II BOOK II:Hire 404-611 . BOOK III: GUARANTEE

INTRODUCTION Definition and Classification of Turkic Jurisprudence MAXIMS OF TURKIC JURISPRUDENCE BOOK I BOOK II BOOK III BOOK IV BOOK V BOOK VI BOOK VII BOOK VIII BOOK IX BOOK X BOOK XI BOOK XII BOOK XIII BOOK XIV BOOK XV BOOK XVI

Mecelle/Fransızca Mecelle/Arabî Mecelle/Osmani Anadoluda hukuk bilinci

D Portal:Mecelle - Mecelle(Türkî) -Majalla (Eng) -Mecelle/English - Mejelle - המג'לה (İbranî) . MEDŽELLE (Bosnian) . Medjelle Meğelle Mecelle-'i Ahkâm-ı'Adlīye ,Majallah el-Ahkâm-ı-Adliya, مجلة الأحكام العدلية . Mecelle/Arabî - مجلة Mecelle/Arabi- Mecelle/Fihrist - Mecelle/Fransızca Kodifikasyon hareketleri .MKK/Düz Metin linkli

D Şablon:Mecelle/Mukaddime . MKK. 1.Kitap:Büyu' . 2.Kitap: .3.Kitap:. 4.Kitap:.5.Kitap:. 6.Kitap:. 7.Kitap:.8.Kitap:. 9.Kitap:. 10.Kitap:Şirket 11.Kitap. 12.Kitap:. 13.Kitap:.14.Kitap:İbra 15.Kitap:Dava KBVT. 16.Kitap:Kaza Mecelle/Resimler

D .
Son: İfade-i mahsusa - Mecelle Cemiyetinin mazbatasıdır osmanlıca Ahmet Cevdet Paşa...Son:MC/1 MC/2... MKK Mecellenin Külli Kaideleri.... KSVİ KİTÂBÜ'S-SULH VE'L-İBRÂ KİTÂBÜ'S-SULH VE'L-İBRÂ/Düz Metin..... Kitab-ı İkrar.... Kitab-ı Dava Kitab-ı Dava/Düz metin..... KBVT Kitab-ı Beyyinat ve Tehalif Şablon:KBVT... Kitab-ı Dava Şablon:Kitab-ı Dava.... Kitab-ı İkrar Şablon:Kitab-ı İkrar.... KBVT.... Kitab-ı Kaza Şablon:Kitab-ı Kaza Kitab-ı Kaza/Günümüz Türkçesiyle... Şablon:Kitâbü'l- vekalet Kitâbü'l-Vekâle..... KİTAB-I VEDİA züfer görüşlerine 5. kitapta yer verip tepki çekmesi üzerine mecelle'nin 6. kitabının hazırlandığı komisyondan birtakım entrikalarla uzaklaştırılır ve mecelle'nin en kötü kitabı da bu 6. kitaptır. bakarlar ki o'nsuz ellerine yüzlerine bulaştıracaklar, kendisini geri çağırırlar ve o kötü hazırlanan 6. kitap (kitab'ül vedia) toplatılır. Mecelle/Eleştiriler Mecelle/Mütealalar Mecelle/Mutealalar/Ebul Ula Mardin Mecelle cemiyeti Mecelle/Eşi sözlük seçmeleri MECELLE’NİN TA’DİL EDİLEN MADDELERİNİN İSLAM HUKUKU AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Mecelle/Günümüz Türkçesiyle İzah güzel Yetkin de çıkmış

Mecelle/Vecizeler Mecelle/BİBLİYOGRAFYA Mecelle/Hazırlanışı Mecelle/Mutealalar/Ebul Ula Mardin

ESK/Mecelle ESK/Mecelle/1-100 ESK/Mecelle/1-100/Kelime İzahlı Mecelle’nin üslûbu bir kânun kitabi olarak sâheserdir. Fesâhet ve belâgatla yazilmistir. Bilhassa basindaki 99 fikih kâidesinin çogu, dilimize ezberlenmesi kolay cümleler hâlinde girmistir. Bunlarda Ahmed Cevdet Pasanin akici ve düzgün ifâdesi hissedilmektedir. Fakat o devrin Türkçesi hakkinda ve o konularda bilgisi olmayanlar Mecelle’yi kolayca anlayamazlar. Mecelle’nin basindaki küllî (genel) kâidelerin çoğu, Islâm fakihlerinden Ibn-i Nüceym’in Esbah ve’n-Nezâir adli eseriyle Mecâmi Serhi’nden alinmistir. --- Mecelle/Fransızca Mecelle/Arabî

Osmanlıca Mecelle Mecellenin ilk 100 maddesi/Osmanlıca Osmanlıca PDF mecelle

مجلة احكام عدلى Arapçası

Mecelle Esbâb-ı Mûcibe Mazbatası

Mecelle/Sadaretin Arzı ve İrade-i Seniyye

Mecelle/Mukaddime Majalla/Introduction Majalla/Part I

Mecelle'den seçme hükümler güzel medeni kanun hükümleri

Mecelle/Fransızca Mecelle/Rumca Mecelle/Boşnakça Mecelle/Osmani Mecelle/Türki Mecelle/Farisi Mecelle/Arabî Mecelle/English

• İddianame için: mütevatirin aleyhine Beyyine kabul olunmaz. Madde 73.md Hatası zahir olan zanna itibar yoktur

ŞERHLER:Mecelle şerhi Mecelle/Şerhleri MM hocası Atıf Bey şerhi - Archive org Atif bey mecelle Şerhi

Mecelle/VP Mecelle/WP Mecelle/WP Arabi

Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliye

Tafsili Mecelle İcmali Mecelle İzahlı Mecelle Mecelle Taramaları

Mecal Mecal-ı şahsi Mecellat Megillah [2] Ester Esther Aşir Aşur Aysu Esau Isaiah Book of Esther [3] Ester kitabı [4]) :Hz.Muhammed as hakkında haberler vardır. İbni Kesir Peygamber olduğunu söyler.

D . Mecelle/Şerhleri Ali Haydar Efendi , Dürerül-Hukkâm (Osmanlica) Haci Resid Pasa , Rûhul-Mecelle , Mes’ud Efendi (Kayseri Müftüsü ) Mir’atül-Mecelle (Arapça ) G. Snopian (Fransiz Yazar) , Code Civil Ottoman

D . 50. Md şablonu güzel. MKK. MKK1 . MKK/1-25.MKK/1-30.MECELLE. MC/Mukaddime MAKALE-İ ÛLÂ; İLM-i FIKHIN TARİF VE TAKSİMİ HAKKINDADIR . Definition of Jurisprudence: MC/1 . MC/2 . MC/3 . MC/4 . MC/5 . MC/6 . MC/7 . MC/8 . MC/9 . MC/10 . MC/7 MC/8 MC/9 MC/10 MC/11 MC/12 MC/13 MC/14 MC/15 MC/16 MC/17 MC/18 MC/19 MC/20 MC/21 MC/22 MC/23 MC/24 MC/25
MAKALE-İ SANİYE; KAVÂİD-İ FIKHİYYE BEYÂNINDADIR MC/2 - Bir işden maksad ne ise hüküm ona göredir. Yani bir iş üzerine terettüb edecek hüküm ol işten maksat ne ise ona göre olur.MC. 170, 769, 1240.; TMK. 1, 2, 3, 84, 114, 125.; TBK. 18, 20, , 41, 43, 48, 82, 83.; ZGB. 2., 3.; BGB. 157, 242, 932.; TCK. 45 MC/3 - Ukûdda itibar makâsıt ve maâniyedir, elfâz ve mebâniye değildir.MC. MC/262, MC/389, MC/648.; TMK. ı, 2, 3.; TBK ı, 18,25, 26, 154, 165, 178, 505.; MH. 314, Madde 4 - Şek ile yakin zâil olmaz.MC. MC/5, MC/6, MC/7, MC/8, MC/9, MC/10, MC/11, MC/12. Madde 5 - Bir şeylin bulunduğu hal üzere kalması asıldır.MC. MC/6, MC/10, MC/1685, MC/1776, MC/1777.; TMK IS Madde 6 - Kâdim kıdemi üzere zikrolunur.MC. MC/166, MC/1224, MC/1197.; MH. 48; TBK. 125 - 140. Madde 7- Zarar kadim olmaz.MC. MC/6 , MC/166, MC/1166, MC/1224; MH. 48.; TBK. 125 - 140. Madde 8 - Berâ'et-i zimmet asıldır.MC. MC/9, MC/612. Madde 9 — Sıfât-ı ârizada asl olan ademdir.MC/8, MC/332 Madde 10 — Bir zamanda sabit olan şeylin hilâfina delil olmadıkça bekâsıyla hükmolunur. MC MC/5, MC/1621, MC/1592. Madde 11 - Bir emr-i hâdisin akreb-i evkâtına izâfeti asıldır. MC MC/10, MC/5, MC/8; HUMK 299. Madde 12 - Kelâmda asl olan manây-ı hakîkîdir.MC. MC/13, MC/60, MC/61.; TMK ı, 2; TBK18. Madde 13 - Tasrih mukâbelesinde delâlete i'tibar yokdur.MC. MC/12, MC/772.; TBK. ı. 2:, HUMK. 234, Madde 14 - Mevrid-i nassda ictihâda mesâğ yoktur.MC. MC/15, MC/16, MC/167.; TMK. ı, 2; TBK 18. Madde 15 - Alâ hilâfi'l-kıyâs sâbit olan şey sâire makîsün-aleyh olamaz.MC. MC/14, MC/16. MC/1659. Madde 16 - İctihâd ile ictihâd nakz olmaz.MC. MC/14, MC/15.; TMK. 1; TCK. 44 Madde 17 - Meşakkat tesyîri celbeder.MC. MC/18, MC/19, MC/20, MC/205, MC/223, MC/396, MC/799.; TMK. 2 Madde 18 - Bir iş zîk oldukda müttesi olur.MC. MC/17. Madde 19 - Zarar ve mukâbele bi'z-zarâr yokdur.MC. MC/20, MC/25, MC/26, MC/27, 28, MC/29.; TMK. 41, 61, vd; Madde 20 - Zarar izâle olunur.MC. MC/19, MC/21, MC/22, MC/25, MC/26, MC/27, MC/28, MC/29, MC/30, MC/32, MC/998, MC/1201.; TBK 41 vd. Madde 21 - Zarûretler memnû' olan şeyleri mübah kilâr. MC. MC/22, MC/96, MC/97, MC/1007.; TBK. 52; TCK 49-50, 516/4. Madde 22 - Zarûretler kendi mikdarlarınca takdir olunur.MC.MC/21, MC/23.; TBK. 52; TCK. 49-50, 516/4 Madde 23 - Bir özür için câiz olan şey ol özrün zevâliyle bâtıl olur.MC. MC/22, MC/517. Madde 24 - Mâni' zâil oldukda memnû' avdet eder.MC. MC/19, MC/335, MC/345, MC/347, MC/372, MC/869, MC/870, MC/1647, MC/1653, MC/1654. Madde 25 - Bir zarar kendi misliyle izâle olunamaz.MC. MC/26, MC/27, MC/28, MC/29, MC/31, MC/965, MC/1141, MC/1288, MC/1312.; TCK 49-50, 516/4; TBK 52

D MKK/25-50 Madde 25 - Bir zarar kendi misliyle izâle olunamaz. MC. MC/26, MC/27, MC/28, MC/29, MC/31, MC/965, MC/1141, MC/1288, MC/1312.; TCK 49-50, 516/4; TBK 52 Madde 26 - Zarar-ı âmmı def için zarar-ı has ihtiyâr olunur. MC. MC/20, MC/27, MC/28, MC/29, MC/1325. Madde 27 - Zarar-ı eşedd zarar-ı ehaf ile izâle olunur. MC. MC/25, MC/26, MC/20, MC/902, MC/906, MC/1044, MC/1224, MC/1440.; TMK. 656, 661 vd. Madde 28 - iki fesâd te'âruz etdikde ehaffí irtikâb ile a'zamının çaresine bakılır. MC. MC/20, MC/25, MC/26, MC/27, MC/29, MC/902.; TMK. 656, 661 vd. Madde 29 - Ehven-i şerreyn ihtiyâr olunur. MC. MC/21, MC/22, MC/26, MC/27, MC/28, MC/902.; TMK. 656, 661 vd. Madde 30 - Def'-i mefâsid celb-i menâfi'den evlâdır. Madde 31 -Zarar bi-kadari'l-imkân def olunur. MC. MC/28, MC/29, MC/30, MC/532, MC/533.; TMK. 656 ve 661. Bu maddede bahsedilen kıyas, İslâm Huküku'nun ana kaynaklarından birisidir. Bibliyografi Ali Haydar, Mecelle şerhi, 1/67, Ömer Nasuhi, Hukûk-l İslâmiye, 1/171, vd. Zeydan, age. sil. vd. Madde 32 - Hâcet umûmî olsun husûsî olsun zarûret menzilesine tenzîl olunur. Bey ' bili-vefânın tecvîzi bu kabîldendir ki Buhara ahâlîsinde borç tekessür etdikçe görülen ihtiyaç üzerine bu mu'âmele mer'iyyü'l-icrâ olmuştur. MC. MC/21, MC/118, MC/205, MC/213, MC/396, MC/420. Madde 33 - Iztırar gayrın hakkını ibtâl etmez. Binâen-alâ-zâlik bir adam aç kalıb da birinin ekmeğini yese ba'dehû kıymetini vermesi lazım gelir. MC. MC/400, MC/1007.; TCK: 49-50/4; TBK. 52 Madde 34 - Alması memnû' olan şeyin vermesi dahi memnû' olur. TCK 64 67 MC MC/35 tbk 50 Madde 35 - İşlenmesi memnû' olan şeyin istenmesi dahi memnû' olur. TCK 64-67.; TBK 50.; MC. MC/34, MC/1818. Madde 36 - Âdet muhakkemdir. Yani hükm-i şer'iyi isbât için örf ve âdet hakem kılınır. Gerek âmm olsun ve gerek hâs olsun. MC. MC/37, MC/38, MC/39, MC/40, MC/41, MC/42, MC/43, MC/44, 45, MC/230, MC/251, MC/291, MC/450, MC/460, MC/469, MC/574, MC/575, MC/576, MC/1340, MC/1790, MC/188, MC/354, MC/495, MC/555, MC/622, MC/829.; TMK. 1/1, 590/11, 592/281, 285, 420, 423. Madde 37 - Nâsın isti'mâli bir hüccetdir ki anınla amel vâcib olur. I'MK ı; MC. MC/36, MC/168, MC/389, MC/495. Madde 38 - Âdeten mümteni' olan şey hakîkaten mümteni' gibidir. MC. MC/36, MC/37, MC/39, MC/40, MC/1589, MC/1629. Madde 39 - Ezmanın tegayyürü ile ahkâm'ın tagayyürü inkâr olunamaz. MC. MC/36, MC/37, MC/38, MC/40, MC/244, MC/326, MC/596, MC/1716. Madde 40 - Âdetin delâletiyle ma'ânîy-ı hakîkî terk olunur. MC. MC/12, MC/36, MC/37, MC/38, MC/39, MC/61, MC/82, MC/912, MC/1584.; TMK ı, 2.; TBK. 18 Madde 41- Âdet ancak muttarid yâhut galip oldukda mu'teber olur. MC. MC/36, MC/37, MC/38, MC/39, MC/40, MC/42, MC/240.; TMK ı Madde 42 - İ'tibâr galib-i şâyi'adır, nâdire değildir. MC. MC/41, MC/987.; TMK ı; HUMK 238 Madde 43 - Örfe ma'rûf olan şey şart kılınmış gibidir. TMK 1; TTK ı; MC. MC/36, MC/37, MC/41, MC/42, MC/461, MC/563, MC/596, MC/871 Madde 44 - Beyne't-tüccâr ma'rûf olan şey beynlerinde meşrût gibidir. MC. MC/36, MC/37, MC/38, MC/790, MC/1463.; TMK 1/1, 2; TBK 18 Madde 45 - Örf ile ta'yîn nass ile ta'yîn gibidir, MC. MC/43, MC/44, MC/527, MC/528, MC/816, MC/1498, MC/1499.; TMK ı Madde 46 - Mâni' ve muktazi teâruz etdikde mâni' takdîm olunur. Binâen-alâ-zâlik bir adam borçlusu yedinde merhûn olan malını âhara satamaz. MC. MC/337, MC/350, MC/397, MC/96-MC/1192, MC/590-MC/1725, MC/756-MC/1192-MC/747, MC/1192-MC/1197, MC/1598-MC/1601. Madde 47 - Vücudda bir şeye tâbi' olan hükümde dahi ana tâbi' olur. tılmış olur. MC. MC/48, MC/50, MC/236, MC/903.; TMK. 619-622 Madde 48 - Tâbi' olan şeye ayrıca hüküm verilmez. Meselâ bir hayvanın karnındaki yavrusu ayrıca satılamaz. MC. MC/47, MC/216, MC/224, MC/856.; TMK. 619-622 Madde 49 - Bir şeye mâlik olan kimse ol şeyin zarûriyyâtmdan olan şeye dahi mâlik olur. Meselâ, bir hâneyi satın alan kimse ana mûsil olan tarîka dahi mâlik olur. MC. MC/232, MC/1194 Madde 50 - Asıl sâkıt oldukda fer' dahi sâkıt olur. MC. MC/81, MC/661, MC/662, MC/1527, MC/1530

D MKK; MKK3 MKK/51-75

D. MKK/75-100. MKK/4

D Şablon:Majalla bakınız .Portal:Mecelle. Majalla. Mecelle/English [5]
AL-MAJALLA AL AHKAM AL ADALIYYAH (The Ottoman Courts Manual (Hanafi)) The Journal of The Verdicts of The Justice Mecelle/Dictionary ENG word .Mecelle/İngilizce/Düz metin Majalla 1. Sale (BUYU' 101-403 ). 2.Majalla/Book II BOOK II:Hire 404-611 . BOOK III: GUARANTEE

INTRODUCTION Definition and Classification of Turkic Jurisprudence MAXIMS OF TURKIC JURISPRUDENCE BOOK I BOOK II BOOK III BOOK IV BOOK V BOOK VI BOOK VII BOOK VIII BOOK IX BOOK X BOOK XI BOOK XII BOOK XIII BOOK XIV BOOK XV BOOK XVI

Mecelle/Fransızca Mecelle/Arabî Mecelle/Osmani Anadoluda hukuk bilinci

Azerbaycan Cumhuriyetinin Mülk Mecellesi

Motivasyon_Etkinliği_-_Yazar_Hayati_İnanç_ile_"Mecelle_ve_Ahmet_Cevdet_Paşa" — Motivasyon Etkinliği - Yazar Hayati İnanç ile "Mecelle ve Ahmet Cevdet Paşa"

INTRODUCTION

TERMS OF TURKIC JURISPRUDENCE RELATING TO HIRE.

● 404. Rent is hire. that is to say, the price paid for use of a thing ; letting is giving on hire, and hiring is taking on hire.

● 405. ( has no meaning for the English reader )

● 406. An irrevocable contract of hire is any valid contract of hire which is not burdened by a contractual option, or by an option for defect or by an option for inspection, and which neither of the parties may cancel without some lawful excuse.

● 407. An immediate contract of hire is a contract of hire which comes into force immediately upon the conclusion of the contract.

● 408. A future contract of hire is a contract of hire which comes into force as from some definite future date. Example :- A house is given on hire as from the beginning of some future month for a certain period and for a certain sum of money. A future contract of hire has been concluded.

● 409. The lessor is the person who gives on hire. ● 410. The lessee is the person who takes on hire.

● 411. The thing hired is the thing which is given on hire.

● 412. Property given to work upon is property handed to a person employed by the employer, so that the person employed may do the work which has been entrusted to him, such as stuff given to a tailor to make into clothes, or a load given to a porter to carry.

● 413. The employee is the person giving his services on hire.

● 414. Estimated rent is the rent fixed by disinterested experts.

● 415. Fixed rent is the rent mentioned and fixed at the time of the conclusion of the contract .

● 416. Indemnification consists of giving a similar thing if it is a thing the like of which can be found in the market, or the value thereof, if it is a thing the like of which cannot be found.

● 417. Prepared for hire is said of any thing designed and prepared to be let on hire. It relates to real property such as inns, houses, baths, and shops originally built or bought in order to be let on hire. If a thing is continuously on hire for a period of three years, it is a proof that it is prepared for hire. If a person has a thing made for himself and tells people that it is prepared for hire, such thing is deemed to be prepared for hire.

● 418. A hirer of a wet nurse is a person who hires a nurse to give milk to a baby.

419. Partition of usufruct consists of a division of benefit.

Example:- Two persons who are joint owners of a house agree to take the benefit arising therefrom separately in alternate years.

CHAPTER I. GENERAL.

● 420. In a contract of hire, the subject matter of the contract consists of some advantage to be derived from such contract.

● 421. Hire is relation to the subject matter of the contract is of two categories. The first is a contract for hire made with reference to an interest in specific things. The thing which is the subject of hire is called both the object given on hire and the object taken on hire. The first category is divided into three classes.

(1). The first class relates to the lease of real property, such as the hire of houses and lands.

(2). The second class relates to the hire of merchandise such as the hire of clothes and utensils.

(3). The third class relates to the hire of animals. The second category is a contract of hire with regard to labour. In this category, the person hired is called the employee, as in the case of workmen and servants employed for a wage. Hiring the services of craftsmen and artisans is also included in this category.

Example:- A contract for manufacture and sale is concluded when clothes are ordered to be made by a tailor who supplies the cloth. If the cloth is given to the tailor in order that he should make the clothes, such person's labour has been hired.

● 422. Employees are of two classes.

The first class comprises private employees, that is, persons whose services are retained by one employer only, as in the case of a servant paid a monthly wage.

The second class comprises public employees, that is persons who are not bound by an undertaking not to work for more than one employer. Example:- Porters, brokers, tailors, clock-makers, jewellers, harbour boatmen, cab- drivers, and village shepherds are all public employees; that is, persons who are not employed specially by one particular individual, but work for anyone. But if any one of such persons undertakes to give his services on hire to one employer only for a specific period, he becomes during that period a private employee. Again, a porter, or a cab-driver, or a boatman who gives his services on hire to one employer alone to take such employer to a certain place, and who works for no other person is, until he arrives at his destination, a private employee.

● 423. The person employing a private employee may be one single individual or several persons contemplated as one individual only. Consequently, when the inhabitants of a village hire the services of a shepherd for themselves alone by means of a single contract, such shepherd becomes a private employee. But should those persons permit the shepherd to tend some other person's animals, such shepherd becomes a public employee.

● 424. The wages of a public employee are due when the work is done.

● 425. The wages of a private employee are due if he is ready to work during the period for which he services were hired. It is not essential that he should actually have performed the work. He cannot, however, decline to do the work. If he does so, he is not entitled to his wages.

426. A person who is entitled to a definite advantage arising out of a contract of hire may obtain enjoyment of such advantage or the equivalent thereof, or of some lesser advantage. He cannot, However, obtain any greater advantage.

Example:-

(1). A blacksmith hires a shop in order to carry on his trade there. He can carry on any other trade there which causes no greater injury to the lessor, or a trade causing a lesser degree of injury.

(2). If a person does not live a house which he has hired for purposes of habitation, he may store goods therein. But he may not carry on trade as a blacksmith in a shop which he has hired as a grocer's shop.

● 427. Anything which becomes altered by any change in the person using it may validly be made the subject of a restriction. Example:- A person hires a horse to ride himself. No other person may ride it.

● 428. Any restriction imposed in connection with any thing which does not become altered by any change in the person using it is inoperative. Example:- A hires a house to dwell in. B can also dwell in it.

● 429. The owner of a share of undivided jointly owned property may let such share to his co-owner whether such share is capable of division or not. He may not let it to any other person. He may, however, after a partition of the usufruct has been made, let his share to some other person.

● 430. The existence of undivided shares of jointly owned property after the conclusion of a contract of hire does not invalidate such contract.

Example:- A lets his house and after doing so a half share is seized by a person entitled thereto. The lease relating to the other undivided share remains in force.

● 431. Two joint owners may simultaneously let property jointly owned to some other person.

● 432. One particular thing may be let to two particular persons. Each one must pay the amount of the rent which falls to his own share. The share of one may not be obtained from the other unless they are guarantors of one another.

CHAPTER II. QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE CONTRACT OF HIRE.

SECTION I. THE FUNDAMENTAL BASIS OF THE CONTRACT OF HIRE.

● 433. As in the case of sale, the contract of hire is concluded by offer and acceptance.

● 434. In a contact of hire, statements made indicative of offer and acceptance are such expression as " i have given on hire", "I have let", " I have taken on hire" and " I have accepted".

● 435. As in the case of sale, the contract of hire is concluded by the use of the past tense. It cannot be concluded by the use of the future tense. Example :- A says " I will give on hire" and B says " i have taken on hire"; or A says"hire" and B says " I have hired". In both cases no contract of hire has been concluded.

● 436. A contract of hire may be concluded by word of mouth, or by writing, or by the use of generally recognised signs by dumb persons.

437. A contract of hire may also be concluded by conduct. Thus, if a traveller boards a steam boat or a harbour rowing boat or rides a hired pony, the rate of hire of which is well known, without concluded any oral contract, the amount of hire involved must be paid. If such rate is not known, an estimated rate must be paid.

● 438. In a contract of hire, silence is considered to indicate assent and acceptance. Examples :(1). A leases a shop at a monthly rent of fifty piastres. After staying there for a few months, the lessor informs him that if he agrees to pay sixty piastres on the first of the month he can remain, but if not, he must leave. A refuses to pay sixty piastres and remains in the shop. He is only obliged to pay fifty piastres as hitherto. If, however, he remains silent and continues to reside in the shop without interruption, he must pay a monthly rent of sixty piastres.

(2). An owner of a shop proposes a rent of one hundred piastres and the lessee a rent of eighty piastres. The owner leaves the lessee, who remains in the shop. The rent is eighty piastres. If the two parties persist in their contention, and the lessee remains in possession an estimated rent must be paid.

● 439. If fresh negotiations are commenced after the conclusion of the contract with regard to any change, increase or decrease of the rent, the second contract takes the place of the first.

● 440. A contract of hire may validly be concluded to take effect at some future date. It is irrevocable, although it may not yet have come into force. Consequently, neither of the contracting parties may cancel such contract merely on the ground that it has not yet come into force.

● 441. If after the conclusion of a valid contract of hire, some other person offers a higher rent, the contract of hire may not be cancelled by the lessor by reason of that fact alone. If a guardian or trustee of a pious foundation, however, lets the real property of an orphan or of a pious foundation for a rent which is less that the estimated rent, the contract of hire is voidable and the rent must be increased to the estimated rent.

● 442. If the person taking the property on hire becomes owner of the hired property in any manner, such as by way of inheritance or gift, such property loses its quality of hired property.

● 443. If any event happens whereby the reason for conclusion for the contract disappears, so that the contract cannot be carried out, such contract is cancelled. Examples:- (1). A cook is hired for a wedding feast. One of the spouses dies. The contract of hire is cancelled. (2). A person suffering from toothache makes a contract with dentist to extract his tooth for a certain fee. The pain ceases. The contract of hire is cancelled. (3) A person seeking a wet-nurse dies. The contract of hire is not cancelled. But upon the death of the child or the wet-nurse, such contract is cancelled.

SECTION II. CONDITION RELATING TO THE CONCLUSION AND EXECUTION OF THE CONTRACT OF HIRE.

● 444. To conclude a contract of hire, the two contracting parties must possess the requisite capacity, that is to say, they must be of sound mind and perfect understanding.

● 445. In a contract of hire offer and acceptance must agree and the parties must met together at the same time and place, as in the case of sale.

● 446. The person letting a thing on hire must be owner of the thing he lets on hire, or the agent of the owner, or his tutor or guardian.

447. If any unauthorised person lets anything on hire, such letting is dependent upon the ratification of the owner, and if the owner is minor or is mad, and a contract of letting on hire has been concluded for an estimated rent, such contract is dependent upon the ratification of the tutor or guardian. There are four essentials to the validity of such permission which remain constant: the two contacting parties; the property; the subject matter of the contract; and the rent, should it be payable from merchandise. If one of these essentials is lacking, the permission is valid.

SECTION III. ESSENTIALS TO THE VALIDITY OF A CONTACT OF HIRE.

● 448. The consent of the two contracting parties is essential to the validity of the contract of hire.

● 449. The subject matter of the contract of hire must be specified. Consequently, if one of two shops is let on hire, without the particular shop is question being specified, and the lessee being given an option as to which one he will take, such contract is invalid.

● 450. The rent must be clearly ascertained.

● 451 . In a contract of hire, the advantage to be derived from the subject matter of the contract must be specified in such a manner as to void any possibility of dispute.

● 452. In the case of the of such things as houses, shops and wet- nurse, the advantage to be derived therefrom is defined by stating the period of hire.

● 453. In the case of hire or a horse, it must be stated whether such horse is to be used as a draught horse, or a riding horse, and if so, who is to ride it: or it may be stated in general terms that whosoever wishes may ride such horse, and the period for which the contract is concluded, or the distance, must also be stated.

● 454. In the case of hire of land, the period of hire must be stated; the purpose for which such land is to be used; and, if it is to be used for cultivation, the nature of the things to be planted; or, if the person taking such land on hire so desires, a statement is general terms must be made to the effect that he may plant whatever he likes.

● 455. In the case of hire of the services of skilled workmen, the advantage to be derived from the services of such workmen may be specified by stating the nature of the work, that is to say, what work is to be done and how it is to be performed. Example:- When clothes are to be dyed, they must be shown to the dyer, the texture thereof must be specified, and the colour stated.

● 456. In the case of transport of goods, the advantage to be derived therefrom is specified by indicating them, and by stating the place to which they are to be transported. Example:- A instructs B to carry a certain load to a certain place. The advantage to be derived therefrom is specified by such load being inspected and the distance being made known.

● 457. The advantage to be derived from the thing hires must be capable of enjoyment. Consequently, a contract of hire in respect to a runaway animal is invalid.

SECTION IV. NULLITY OR VOIDABILITY OF THE CONTRACT OF HIRE.

● 458. If one of the conditions essential to the conclusion of a contract of hire is absent, such contract is void. Example:- A contract of letting or taking on hire entered into by madman or by a minor of imperfect understanding is void. But if the person giving or letting on hire becomes mad fter the conclusion of the contract, such contract is not cancelled.

● 459. If a contract of hire which is void is carried out the amount of the hire need not be paid. But if the property is dedicated to pious purposes, or belongs to orphans, an estimated rent must be paid. A madman is treated on the same basis as an orphan.

● 460. If the conditions requisite for the conclusion of a contract of hire are present, but one of the conditions essential to the validity of the contract is absent, the contract of hire is voidable.

● 461. A voidable contract of hire is executory. But in a voidable contract of hire, the person giving on hire is not entitled to the fixed rent, but to the estimated rent only

● 462. The voidability of a contract of hire sometimes arises from the amount of the hire not being known and sometimes owing to the absence of other conditions essential to the validity of the contract. In the first case, the estimated rent must be paid, whatever the amount thereof may be . In the second case, the estimated rent is payable, provided that it does not exceed the fixed rent.

CHAPTER III. QUESTION AFFECTING THE AMOUNT OF THE HIRE.

SECTION I. RENT.

● 463. A thing which is valid as the price in a contract of sale, may be the rent in a contract of hire. On the other hand, a thing which is not valid as the price in a contract of sale may nevertheless be valid as the rent in a contract of hire. Example:- A garden may be taken on hire in exchange for an animal, or in exchange for the right of dwelling in a house.

● 464. If the rent is cash, the amount thereof must be clearly ascertained, as in the case of the price of a thing sold.

● 465. If the rent consists of merchandise, or things estimated by measure of capacity, or by measure of weight, or things estimated by enumeration and which closely resemble each other, such rent must be made known by stating both the amount and description thereof.

In the case of things which require loading and entail expense on account of transport such things must be delivered at the place agreed upon for delivery. If no place has been designated for delivery and the thing hired consists of real property, delivery of such real property must be given at the place where such real property is situated, and if it consists of labour, delivery thereof must be given at the place where the person hired performs his work; if it consists of loading, delivery thereof must be given in the place where the hire becomes payable. In the case of things which do not require loading and do not entail expense on account of transport, however, delivery thereof must be given at any place that may be required.

SECTION II. NECESSITY FOR RENT: RIGHT OF THE PERSON GIVING ON HIRE TO TAKE RENT.

● 446. Rent does not become payable irrevocably by the conclusion of an unconditional contract:

that is to say, there is no necessity to hand over the rent immediately, owing to the mere conclusion of a contract of hire.

● 467. Rent which is payable immediately is irrevocable: that is to say, if the person taking the thing on hire pays the rent in advance, the person letting the thing on hire becomes the owner thereof, and the person taking the thing on hire cannot demand the return thereof.

● 468. Rent with a condition for immediate payment is irrevocable; that is to say, if it is stipulated that rent must be paid in advance, the person taking the thing on hire is bound in any case and first of all to hand over the rent, whether the contract of hire is for the use of some specific thing, or for the performance of any piece of work.

In the first case, the person letting the thing on hire may refuse to hand over the thing hired until the rent has been paid. In the second case, the person giving his services on hire may refuse to perform the work until his wages have been paid.

In both cases, if the person letting the thing on hire demands payment of the rent in advance and the person taking the thing on hire refuses, the contract of hire may be cancelled.

● 469. Rent becomes payable when the thing is put to the use for which it is hired. Example:- A the owner of a horse, lets such horse on hire to B is order that he may ride it to a certain place. Upon arrival at that place, A is entitled to the amount of the hire.

● 470. In a valid contract of hire, the rent is also payable when there is ability to put the thing to the use for which it was hired. Example:- A takes possession of a house which he has taken on hire by means of a valid contract of hire. A is obliged to pay the rent, even though he does not inhabit such house.

● 471. In a voidable contract of hire, mere ability to put the thing to the use for which it was hired is not enough. The rent is not payable unless the thing is actually put to the use for which it was hired.

● 472. If a person uses the property of another person without the conclusion of a contract and without such person's permission, and if it is property prepared for hire, an estimated rent must be paid, but not otherwise. But if the owner of the property has previously demanded payment of rent, and such person uses such property, rent is payable, even though no benefit can be derived from such property. The reason for this is that by using the property, such person is deemed to have agreed to pay the rent.

● 473. Effect is given to any condition agreed upon by the two contracting parties regarding immediate or deferred payment of the rent.

● 474. If a stipulation is made for a deferred payment of the price of the hire, the person giving the thing on hire must first of all deliver such thing; and a person giving his services on hire, must perform his work. The price of the contract of hire is not payable until after the expiration of the period agreed upon.

● 475. If an unconditional contract of hire is concluded for the use of some specific object, or for the performance of any piece of work, and no stipulation is made as to immediate of deferred payment, the person giving the thing on hire must in any case first of all give delivery of the thing hired, and the person giving his services on hire must perform the work.

● 476. If the rent is payable by some specified period, such as monthly or yearly, such rent must be paid at expiration of that period.

Example:- Rent payable monthly must be paid at the end of the month. Rent payable yearly must be paid at the end of the year.

● 477. When the rent falls due, delivery must be given of the thing hired; that is to say, rent falls due as from the time of delivery. Thus, the person giving the thing on hire is not entitled to rent in respect to the period expiring prior to delivery. If the period of hire terminates prior to delivery, no part of the rent is payable.

● 478. If the benefit to be obtained from the thing hired is entirely lost, no rent is payable.

Example:(1). A bath is in need of repairs. If it cannot be used during that period, the portion of the rent corresponding to such period is deducted.

(2). The water of a mill is cut off and the mill remains idle. No rent is payable from the time at which the water was cut off. But if the person hiring the mill uses it for any purpose other than that of grinding corn, such person is bound to pay a portion of the rent corresponding thereto.

● 479. If a person takes a shop on hire and is given delivery thereof and alleges that on account of slackness of business his trade has stopped and his shop has been shut, such person cannot refuse to pay rent for that period.

● 480. If a boat is taken on hire for a certain period, and the period expires while on the journey, the period of hire is extended until the shore is reached. The person taking the boat on hire must pay as estimated rent in respect to such excess period.

● 481. If one person gives his house to another person in order that the latter may repair it and live in it rent free, and such person does in fact effect such repairs himself and dwells in such house for a certain period, the expenses occasioned by such repairs fall upon such person, since the giving of the house is in the nature of a loan for use. The owner of the house cannot claim anything from him by way of rent in respect to such period.

SECTION III. RIGHT OF LIEN OF A PERSON TO WHOM A THING HAS BEEN ENTRUSTED TO WORK UPON.

● 482. A person hired to do work, and whose work causes a change in the thing given to him to work upon, such as a tailor, a dyer, or a cleaner, and who has made no contract whereby his work is to be done on a credit basis, has a right of retention over the thing entrusted to him to work upon, for payment of his wage. If he exercises such right of retention and the property is destroyed while in his possession, he cannot be called upon to make good the loss. He cannot, however, claim his wages in addition.

● 483. A person hired to do work, and whose work causes no change in the thing upon which he works, such as a porter or a sailor, has no right of retention over the thing upon which he working, for payment of his wage. Thus if exercises a right of retention and the property is destroyed while in his possession, he is liable to make good the value thereof. The owner of the property has an option either of claiming compensation on the basis of the value of the thing destroyed, plus cost of transport and of paying the wages, or of merely claiming the value of the thing destroyed, without paying the wages.

CHAPTER IV. THE PERIOD OF HIRE.

● 484. A person may give his property on hire, whatever the form of ownership, for a fixed period, whether of short duration, such as a day, or whether of long duration, such as a period of years.

● 485. The commencement of the period of hire is deemed to be the time named when the contract was concluded.

● 486. If no time is mentioned as the commencement of the period of hire when the contract is concluded, such time is deemed to be the time when the contract was concluded.

● 487. Real property may validly be let on hire for a period of a year, either at a rent of so much per month, or of so much of the year, without stating the rent per month.

● 488. If a contract of hire is made at the beginning of the month for a period of one month, or for any period in excess thereof, such contract is a monthly contract. In such a case, if the month is less than thirty days, a full month's rent must be paid.

● 489. If a contract is made, for a period of one month and a portion thereof has expired, the period of one month is considered to consist of thirty days.

● 490. If a portion of the month has expired and a contract has been concluded for a period of months, and the first month is not complete, such month is completed by the payment of rent at so much per day, from days taken from the last month, so as to make thirty days. The intervening months are calculated as from the first day of each lunar month.

● 491. If a portion of the month has expired and the number of months is not expressed, and a certain sum is agreed upon as being payable as rent for each month, the first incomplete month is considered to consist of thirty days in the same manner as the other months.

● 492. If a contract of hire is concluded for a period of one year at the beginning of the month, the year is considered to consist of twelve months.

● 493. If a portion of the month has expired and a contract of hire has been concluded for a period of one year, the first month is calculated according to days, and the other eleven months as from the first of the lunar month.

● 494. If real property is hired at a rent of so much per month and the number of months is not mentioned, a valid contract has been concluded. Upon the completion of the first month, however, both the person giving and the person taking such real property on hire may cancel the contact of hire on the first night and day, however, have expired, such contract cannot be cancelled. If one of the two contracting parties alleges that he has cancelled the contract during the course of the month, such contract is cancelled as from the end of the month. If during the course of the month one of the parties states that he has cancelled the contract as from the beginning of following month, such contract cancelled as from the beginning of the following month. If payment is made in advance for two or more months, neither party may cancel the contract of hire in respect to those months.

● 495. If a person hires another to work for a day from sunrise to the time of evening prayer or till sunset, the conditions prescribed by local custom must be observed as regards the performance of the work.

● 496. If a person is hired to work for a period of days, as for example, a carpenter for a period of ten days, the contract is presumed to be concluded with reference to the days following. If he is hired to do ten days work during the summer, the contract of employment is invalid unless the month is stated and the day from which the work is to commence.

CHAPTER V. OPTIONS.

SECTION I. CONTRACTUAL OPTIONS.

● 497. A contractual option exists in the case of hire, as in the case of sale. Either or both of the parties may give or take on hire, subject to an option of a certain number of days. ● 498. The person having the option may cancel the contract of hire during the period of the option or may ratify such contract.

● 499. Both cancellation and ratification may be by word of mouth, or in writing, or by conduct, as is set forth in Article 302,303 and 304. Consequently, if person giving on hire possesses an option and performs any act with regard to the thing hired indicative of the exercise of a right of ownership, the contact of hire is cancelled by conduct. If the person taking on hire possesses an option and performs any act with regard to the thing hired indicative of the exercise of a right of ownership, the contract of hire is cancelled by conduct. If the person taking on hire possesses an option and performs any act with regard to the thing hired indicative of the exercise of the right of a lessee, the contract of hire is ratified by conduct.

● 500. If the person possessing an option allows the period of the option to expire without cancelling or carrying out the contract, the option is lost and the contract of hire becomes irrevocable.

● 501. The period of option is presumed to run from the time of the conclusion of the contract.

● 502. The commencement of the contract of hire is presumed to run from the time when the option was lost.

● 503. If a piece of land taken on hire and said to consist of so many yards or donums proves to be of greater or smaller extent, the contract of hire is valid and the fixed rent becomes payable. Should it prove to be smaller, however, the person taking the land on hire has the option of cancelling the contract of hire.

● 504. If a piece of land is taken on hire at so much per donum the rent is payable at so much per donum.

● 505. If a wage is fixed as payment for work to be performed by a given period, the contract of hire is valid and the condition effective.

Examples:-

(1). A gives cloth to a tailor to be cut up and made into a shirt to be ready on the same day.

(2). A hires a camel from B to carry him to Mecca in so many days. In both cases the contract of hire is executory, and if the person giving the thing on hire fulfils the condition, he can claim the fixed wage. If he fails to do so, however, he is entitled to an estimated wage, provided such wage does not exceed the wage.

● 506. The wages my validly be fixed alternatively in two or three ways as regards the work, the workman, the load, the distance, the place and the time, and the wages must be paid according to whichever way the work is carried out. Examples:-

(1). A contract is made for back-stitching a thing for so much, and for over- stitching it for so much. The wages must be paid according to the way in which it is sewn.

(2). A contract is concluded for so much in respect to a shop to be used as a perfumery and for so much as a forge. The person taking the thing on hire must pay the fixed rent according to the way in which he uses the shop.

(3). A contract is concluded to load corn on a draught animal for so much and iron for so much. The hire agreed upon must be paid according to the load used.

(4). A muleteer states that he has let a particular animal on hire to go to CHORLU for one hundred piastres and to ADRIANOPLE for two hundred piastres and to PHILIPOLIS for three hundred piastres. The person taking the animal on hire must pay a sum corresponding to the place to which he goes.

(5). A states that he has let one particular house on hire for one hundred piastres and another house for two hundred piastres. The person taking the house on hire agrees. Such person must then pay the fixed rent according to whichever house he lives in.

(6). A hands a cloak to a tailor stating that he will pay fifty piastres if it stitched on the same day, and thirty piastres if it is stitched on the following day. The contract is executory and the condition is valid.

SECTION II. OPTION OF INSPECTION.

● 507. The person taking the thing on hire has an option of inspection.

● 508. An inspection of the thing hired is equivalent to an inspection of the advantage to be derived therefrom.

● 509. If a person takes a piece of real property on hire without seeing it, he may exercise an option as soon as he sees it.

● 510. If a person takes on hire a house which he has seen previously, he has no option of inspection in respect to such house. However, if the place is dilapidated and unfit for habitation to such an extent that its original form is changed, such person may exercise an option.

● 511. A person hired to do a piece of work which changes in accordance with any change in the subject-matter of such work, has an option of inspection. Example:- An agreement is concluded with a tailor to stitch a cloak. Upon seeing the cloth or the cloak, the tailor may exercise an option.

● 512. There is no option of inspection attaching to a thing which is not changed in accordance with any change in the subject-matter of such work. Example:- A contract is made to clean a certain amount of cotton seed for a certain sum of money . Although the person so employed has a not seen the cotton seed, he has no option of inspection.

SECTION III. OPTION FOR DEFECT.

● 513. There is an option for defect in the case of a contract of hire, as in a contract of sale.

● 514. In a contract of hire, the circumstance which creates an option on account of defect is something which causes the complete loss of or interference with the benefits sought to be obtained.

Example:- A house is entirely destroyed ; the utility of a mill is negatived by the water being cut off; the frame of the roof of a house sinks; a place is knocked down so as to be unsuitable for habitation; the back of a horse which is hired is injured by galling. In all these cases there is an option for defect if they are taken on hire, on account of the benefits sought to be obtained being destroyed. But defects which do not interfere with the benefits sought to be obtained give no right to an option for defect in the case of a contract of hire, as where the plaster of a house falls off, but not to such an extent that rain and cold can enter; or where the mane or tail of a horse is cut.

● 515. If a defect occurs in the thing hired before such thing has been put to the use for which it was hired, such defect is considered to have existed at the time the contract was concluded.

● 516. If a defect occurs in the thing hired, the person taking on hire may exercise an option. He may either put the thing hired to the use for which it was hired in spite of the defect, in which case he must pay the whole of the rent, or he may cancel the contract of hire.

● 517. If the person giving a thing on hire removes a defect of recent origin before the cancellation of the contract of hire by the person taking such thing on hire, the latter has no right of cancellation. And if the person taking the thing on hire wishes to take possession thereof for the remainder of the period, the person giving such thing on hire cannot prevent him from doing so.

● 518. If the person taking a thing on hire wishes to cancel the contract of hire prior to the removal of a defeat of recent origin which prevents the thing hired being put to the use for which it was hired, such person may cancel the contract in the presence of the person giving the thing on hire. He may not do so in his absence. If he cancels the contract in the presence of the person giving the thing on hire, that is to say, without giving him notice thereof, such cancellation is of no effect, and the rent continues to be payable as heretofore. If the benefits sought to be obtained are entirely lost, however, the contract may be cancelled in the absence of the person giving the thing on hire. whether the contract is cancelled or not the rent is not due, as is set forth in Article 478.

Example:A place collapses and destroy the use to which a house taken on hire can be put. The person taking the house on hire may cancel the contract of hire .The cancellation, however, must take place in the presence of the person letting the house on hire. If he fails to give notice and leaves the house, he is bound to pay rent as though he had not left the house. If the house is entirely destroyed, however, the person taking the house on hire may cancel the contract without the necessity of doing so in the presence of the person giving the house on hire. In any case the rent is not due.

● 519. If a room or a wall of a house collapses and the person taking the house on hire does not cancel the contract of hire, but dwells in the rest of the house, no portion of the rent is remitted.

● 520. If a person takes two houses on hire together for a certain some of money and one of them collapses, he may leave both of them together.

● 521. If a house taken on hire as containing so many rooms proves to contain fewer rooms that the stipulated number, the person taking the house on hire has the option of cancelling the contract of hire or of agreeing to the contract of hire and of paying the fixed rent. If he carries out the terms of the contract of hire, however, he is not entitled to any reduction in the rent.

CHAPTER VI. TYPE OF THING HIRED AND MATTERS RELATING THERETO.

SECTION I. MATTERS RELATING TO THE HIRE OF REAL PROPERTY.

● 522. A person may validly take a house or shop on hire without stating who is to live therein.

● 523. If a person lets his house or shop on hire containing his goods or effects, the contract of hire is valid, but the person letting such house or shop on hire is bound to deliver the house or shop after taking out the goods or effects.

● 524. If a person takes a piece of land on hire without stating what he will sow therein or without making a stipulation of a general nature to the effect that he may sow whatever he likes, the contract of hire is voidable. But if such matter is defined before cancellation, and the person giving the land or hire agrees thereto, such contract becomes a valid contract of hire.

● 525. If a person takes a piece of land of hire with a right of sowing what he likes, he may cultivate such land more than once in a year with a view to winter and summer crops.

● 526. If the period of the contract of hire expires before the crops are ripe, such crops may remain on the land until they are ripe, the person taking such land on hire paying an estimated rent.

● 527. A person may validly conclude a contract of hire for a shop or house without stating the use to which it is to be put, which matter is settled according to custom.

● 528. Person who takes a house on hire without stating the use to which it is to be put, may dwell in it himself or let some other person dwell therein, and may place his effects therein. He may perform any kind of work therein, provided it is not of such a nature as to weaken or damage the building. He may not perform any work of such a nature as to damage the building unless he receives the permission of the owner. Local custom is followed as regards the tethering of animals. The same stipulations are in force as regards shops.

● 529. The person giving the thing on hire must put right anything likely to interfere with the benefits sought to be obtained from the thing hired. Examples:(1). The owner must clean the water channel of a mill.

(2). Repairs and improvements to the house and water courses and pipes, the repair of things detrimental to habitation and other; matters relating to the building must all be performed by the owner. If the owner refuses to do these, The person taking the house on hire may leave the same. If, however, such person was aware that the house was in that state when he took it on hire, he is considered to have agreed to the defect. He cannot later make this a pretext for leaving the house. If the person taking the house on hire does these things himself, such act is in the nature of a gift and he cannot claim the expenses incurred thereby from the person giving the house on hire.

● 530. If the person taking property on hire does repairs with the consent of the person giving such property on hire, and such repairs are for the improvement of the property, such as changing the tiles of the roof, or preventing any harm being done thereto, the person taking the property on hire may call upon the person giving the property on hire to make good the expenses incurred by such repairs, even though no stipulation has been made to that effect. However, if such repairs are purely in the interest of the person taking the property on hire, such as repairing the oven of the house, the person taking the house on hire cannot claim the expenses from the person giving the house on hire, unless a stipulation has been made to that effect.

● 531. If the person taking real property on hire erects buildings or plants trees thereon, the person giving such real property on hire has the option, on the expiration of the period of hire, either of having such building pulled down, or of having such trees uprooted, or of keeping them upon payment of value thereof, whatever that may be.

● 532. Dust, earth and sweepings which have accumulated during the period of the contract of hire must be cleaned and removed by the person taking the thing on hire.

● 533. In the event of the person taking the thing on hire damaging such thing, the person giving such thing on hire, may, if he is unable to prevent such damage, apply to the Court for an order cancelling the contract of hire.

SECTION II. HIRE OF MERCHANDISE.

● 534. A valid contract of hire may be concluded for a definite period and for a definite rent with regard to movable property such as clothing, weapons and tents.

● 535. If a person takes clothing on hire to go to any particular place, and fails to go to such place and wears them in his house, or does not wear them at all, he must nevertheless pay the hire thereof.

● 536. A person who takes clothes on hire to wear himself may not give such clothing to another person to wear.

● 537. Jewellery is treated on the same basis as clothing.

SECTION III. HIRE OF ANIMALS.

● 538. A contract may validly be made to take a specific animal on hire and a valid contract may also be made with an owner of animals to be carried to a specific.

● 539. If a specific animal is taken on hire to proceed to a certain place, and such animal becomes fatigued and stops on the way, the person taking such animal on hire has the option either of waiting till the animal gets better or of avoiding the contract of hire, in which case he is obliged to pay a portion of the fixed hire proportionate to the distance he has been carried.

● 540. If a bargain has been struck to carry a certain place and the animal becomes fatigued and stops on the way, the owner of the animal is bound to charge such load on to another animal and carry it to the place in question.

● 541. A contract to take an unspecified animal on hire is of no effect. if such animal is specified after the conclusion of the contract, however, and the person taking such animal on hire agrees thereto, such contract is valid. But it it is customary to take an animal of no particular type on hire, such hire is valid, and is governed by such custom. Example:- A horse is hired from a horse-owner to take a person as far as a particular place in accordance with custom. The owner is obliged to transport that person to such place by horse in accordance with the particular custom.

● 542. In a contract of hire it is not enough to designate the end of a journey be mentioning the name of a particular territory, such as a SANJAK or vilayet. On the other hand, this may validly be done if by custom the name of such territory is applied to a town. Example:- A valid contract of hire cannot be concluded to take an animal on hire to go to Bosnia or Arabia. The name of the town, township or village to which such person is going must be mentioned. The word Sham, however, the name of a certain territory, is by custom applied to the town of Damascus, and therefore a valid contract may be concluded to hire an animal to go as far as Sham.

● 543. If an animal is taken on hire to proceed to a certain place, and it so happens that there are two places of that name, an estimated sum by way of hire must be paid in respect to whichever place the person taking the animal on hire goes.

Example:- An animal is taken on hire to proceed from Constantinople to Chekmeje, and it is not specified as to whether the animal is to go to Greater or Lesser Chekmeje. An estimated sum by way of hire must be paid according to the distance to the place in question.

● 544. If an animal is taken on hire to proceed to a certain town, the person taking such animal on hire must be taken to his house in such town.

● 545. A person who takes an animal on hire to proceed to a specified place may not go beyond that place without the permission of the owner. If he does in fact go beyond such place, the person taking such animal on hire is responsible for handling over the animal safe and sound, and if such animal is destroyed either on the outward or return journey, he must make good the loss.

● 546. If an animal is taken on hire to go to a specified place, the person taking such animal on hire cannot go with him to another place. If he does so and the animal is destroyed, he must make good the loss.

Example:- If an animal is taken on hire to go to Tekfur Dagh. But instead goes to Islimiyeh and the animal is destroyed, the loss must be made good.

● 547.If an animal is taken on hire to go to a specified place, and there are several roads leading thereto, the person taking such animal on hire may proceed by whichever road he prefers which is commonly used by the public. If the owner of the animal prescribes the road which is to be taken, and the person taking such animal on hire proceeds by another road and the animal is destroyed, the loss must be made good if the road taken is more winding or difficult than that prescribed by the owner of the animal. But if it is of equal length or easier, the loss need not be made good.

● 548. The person taking the animal on hire for a specified period may not use it for longer than that period. If he does so, and the animal is destroyed while in his possession, he must make good the loss.

● 549. A valid contract may be made to take an animal on hire to be ridden be a specified person. A valid contract may also be made in general terms to take an animal on hire to be ridden by anyone.

● 550. An animal which is taken on hire for riding may not be used as a draught animal. If it is so used and the animal is destroyed, the loss must be made good. In this case, however, no hire need be paid. (See Article 86.)

● 551. If an animal is hired to be by a certain person, no other person may ride such animal. If he does so, and the animal is destroyed, the loss must be made good. 552. A person who has taken an animal on hire in order that it may be ridden by any person he likes, may either ride such animal himself, or allow some other person to do so. Bur whether; he rides it himself or allows some other person to ride it, once the particular person to ride such animal is known, no other person may ride it.

● 553. If an animal is taken on hire for riding and it is not stated who is to ride it, nor laid down in general terms that any particular person who wishes may ride it, the contract of hire is voidable.

But if this is made clear before the contract is cancelled,such contract becomes valid. In this case also, one a particular person has been named no other person may be allowed to ride the animal.

● 554. If an animal is taken on hire as a draught animal, local custom is binding as regards the saddle, rope and sack.

● 555. If the amount of the load is not stated or made clear by signs, the amount of such load is determined by custom when an animal is taken on hire.

● 556. The person taking an animal on hire may not beat such animal without the owner's permission. If he does so, and the animal is destroyed as a result thereof, he must make good the loss.

● 557. If the owner gives his permission for an animal taken on hire to be beaten, the person taking the animal the animal on hire may only beat such animal on a place where it is usual to do so. If he beats him on any other place, as for example, on the head, instead of the quarter, and the animal is destroyed as a result thereof, such loss must be made good.

● 558. An animal hired to carry loads may also be used for riding purposes.

● 559. When an animal is taken on hire and the nature and quantity of the load is stated, a load of another; nature equal to or lesser than such load may also be placed upon such animal. But no greater load may be placed thereon.

Examples:-

(1). A takes a horse on hire to carry five kiles of wheat. A may load five kiles of his own wheat, or of anybody else's wheat of whatsoever sort upon such horse. He may also load five kiles of barley. But he may not load five kiles of wheat on an animal hired to carry five kiles of barley.

(2). A hundred okes of iron may not be loaded upon an animal hired to carry a hundred okes of cotton.

● 560. The owner of the animal taken on hire must unload such animal.

● 561. The person giving the animal on hire is responsible for feeding such animal. Example:- The feeding and watering of an animal taken on hire fall upon the owner. If the person taking the animal on hire, however, feeds it without the permission of the owner, such feeding, is an involuntary gift and the value thereof cannot later be claimed from the owner.

SECTION IV. HIRE OF PERSONAL SERVICES.

● 562. A contract may validly be made for the hire of personal services or the performance of skilled labour for a specified period or in some other way, as by specifying the nature of the work, as is set forth in Section III of Chapter II.

● 563. If a person works for some other person at the latter's request without entering into any contract in regard to the wage to be paid, he is entitled to receive an estimated wage if he is of the class of persons who work for a wage. If he is not of such class, however, he is not entitled to receive anything.

● 564. If a person requests some other person to do a certain piece of work for him and promises him something in return without mentioning the amount thereof, and such person does that work, he is entitled to an estimated wage.

● 565. If a person employs workmen without fixing the amount of the wage to be paid, and if the daily sage of such workmen is known, they are entitled to receive the daily wage. If it is not known, they are entitled to an estimated wage. The work performed by skilled workmen is also of this type.

● 556. If a contract of hire is entered into with an employee whereby payment is to be made by giving a thing the like of which cannot be found in the market, and the nature of which has not been defined, an estimated wage must be paid.

Example:- A calls B and asks B to work for him for a certain number of days in return for which A promises to give B a pair of oxen. There is no need to give the pair of oxen, but an estimated wage must be paid. It is customary, however, when a wet nurse is taken on hire for clothes to be made for her. If the nature of the clothes has not been defined beforehand, they are to be of medium quality.

● 567. Tips given to servants from outside cannot be included in wages.

● 568. If a teacher is employed to teach any science or art and the period is defined, the contract of employment is concluded in respect to that particular period. Such person is entitled to his fee if he is ready and willing to teach, whether the pupil studies or not. If the period is not defined, the contract of hire voidable. If the pupil studies under these circumstances, the teacher is entitled to his fee. If not, he is not entitled to his fee.

● 569. If a person sends his son to a master to learn a trade and no agreement is made between the two as to the fee to be paid, and they both claim a fee after the boy has learnt the trade, the question is decided in accordance with local custom.

● 570. If the inhabitants of a village hire the services of a khoja or an imam or a muezzin, and such persons perform their duties, they are entitled to receive their wages from the inhabitants of that village.

● 571. When a person has been employed to do work personally, he may not employ anyone to do the work in his place.

Example:- A contracts with B for B to sew a cloak with his own hand for so many piastres. The tailor may not have it sewn by any other person. It must be sewn by B himself. If B has it sewn by any other person and it is destroyed, he must make good the loss.

● 572. If an unconditional contract has been made, the employee may employ another person in his place.

● 573. If the employer gives a definite order to the employee to do a certain piece of work, such order is unconditional.

Example:- A instructs a tailor to sew a cloak for so much money without binding him to do the work personally. After the conclusion of the contract, the tailor has the cloak sewn by his assistant or by another tailor. The tailor is entitled to the fixed price. If the cloak is destroyed without his fault, he may not be called upon to make good the loss.

● 574. Matters connected with the work done are settled in accordance with local custom when there is no specific condition binding the person employed. Thus, custom has it that the thread shall be the tailor's thread.

● 575. A porter must carry the load inside the house, but he is not bound to put it in position.

Example:- It is not the duty of the porter to take the load up to the top floor; nor to put grain into a barn.

● 576. The employer is not bound to feed the employee unless local custom is to that effect.

● 577. If a broker hawks property round but cannot sell it, and the owner sells it at some later date, the broker is not entitled to a fee. If another broker sells such property, such second broker takes the whole of the fee, and the first broker is not entitled to anything.

● 578. If a person gives his property to a broker, instructing him to sell it for so many piastres, and such broker sells it for more than the stipulated sum, the owner of the property is entitled to the whole of such sum in excess, and the broker is not entitled to anything more than the brokerage fee.

● 579. In the case of a sale, where the broker has received his fee, and some person appears who is entitled to the thing sold and takes possession of the same, or if the thing sold is returned on account of some defect, the return of the brokerage fee cannot be claimed.

● 580. If a person employs reapers to reap crops in his field for a certain sum of money, and after such reapers have reaped a portion thereof, the rest is destroyed by a fall of hail or by some other accident, the reapers are entitled to a share of the fixed wage proportionate to the quantity reaped, but not to the balance.

● 581. If a wet nurse falls sick she is entitled to cancel the contract of employment. The employer may cancel the contract of employment if she becomes sick or pregnant, or if the child refuses to take her breasts, or if it brings up the milk.

CHAPTER VII. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PERSON GIVING AND THE PERSON TAKING ON HIRE AFTER THE CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT.

SECTION I. DELIVERY OF THE THING HIRED.

● 582. Delivery of the thing hired consists of permission being given by the person giving the thing on hire to the person taking the thing on hire to enjoy such thing without let or hindrance. <1815>

● 583. Upon the conclusion of a valid contract of hire for a particular time or for a particular journey, the thing hire must be delivered to the person taking the thing on hire to be continuously in his possession until the expiration of such period, or the end of such journey.

Example:- A takes a cart on hire for a certain period, or in order to go to a certain place. A can use the cart during such period or until he has arrived at his destination. The owner may not use it for his own purposes during that period.

● 584. If a person who owns real property in absolute ownership containing other property of his own, gives such real property on hire, no rent is payable until it is delivered free from all such encumbrances, unless they have been sold to the person taking the property on hire.

● 585. When the lessor of the house hands the house over minus a room in which he has stored his goods, the proportion of the rent represented by such room must be deducted. As regards the rest of the house the lessee may exercise an option. If the lessor evacuates the house entirely and hands it over before cancellation of the contract, such contract is irrevocable; that is to say, the right of the lessee to cancel the contract is lost.

SECTION II. RIGHT OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES TO DEAL WITH THE THING HIRED AFTER THE CONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT.

● 586. If the thing hired consists of real property, the person taking such real property on hire may give it on hire to some third person before taking delivery thereof. He may not do so, however,however, if it is movable property.

● 587. The person taking the thing on hire may let such thing on hire to some third person if it is not changed by use or enjoyment.

● 588. In the case of a voidable contract of hire the person taking the thing on hire may validly give it on hire to some third person after taking delivery thereof.

● 589. If a person who has given his property on hire to some other person for a definite period in accordance with the terms of an irrevocable contract of hire, again gives such property on hire to some third person, the second contract of hire ineffective.

● 590. If the person giving the thing on hire sells the thing hired without the permission of the person taking the thing on hire, the sale is not executory as regards the latter, but is executory as regards the vendor and the purchaser, and on the expiration of the period of hire, the sale is irrevocable as regards the purchaser and he may not refuse to take delivery thereof. However, if before the expiration of the period of hire the purchaser asks the vendor to hand over the thing sold, and it is impossible to do so, the Court shall cancel the contract of sale. If the person taking the property on hire ratifies the sale, the sale becomes executory in respect to each party. If the person taking the thing on hire, however, has made payment in advance, the thing hired cannot be taken from him until he has received payment of the amount of the rent paid by him in respect to the unexpired portion of the lease. If the person taking the thing on hire hands it over without receiving payment, he loses his right of retention.

SECTION III. RETURN OF THE THING HIRED.

● 591. On the termination of the contract of hire, the person taking the thing on hire must give up the thing hired.

● 592. The person taking the thing on hire may not use the thing hired after the termination of the contract of hire.

● 593. If the person giving the thing on hire asks for the return of his property upon the termination of the contract of hire, the person taking the thing on hire is bound to return it to him.

● 594. The person taking the thing on hire is not bound to return the thing hired, but the person giving the thing on hire is bound to take over the thing hired on the expiration of the contract of hire.

Examples:- (1). Upon the termination of the lease of a house the owner must come and take delivery thereof. (2). An animal is taken on hire is in that place, he must take over his animal. If he arrives and does not take it over, and it is destroyed while in the possession of the person hiring the animal without such person's fault, or neglect, such person may not be called upon to make good the loss. If, however, the animal is hired to leave and return to a definite place, it must be brought to that place. If it is not brought to such place, but is brought to the house of the person taking the animal on hire and is destroyed while there, the loss must be made good by such person.

● 595. If the return of the thing hired involves expenditure for transport, such expenses fall upon the person giving the thing on hire.

CHAPTER VIII. COMPENSATION

SECTION I. COMPENSATION IS RESPECT TO USE.

● 596. If a person uses any property without the permission of the owner thereof, this amounts to wrongful appropriation, and he is not obliged to pay for the use thereof. If. however, the property has been dedicated to pious purposes, or is the property of a minor, an estimated rent must be paid in any case. If it is property owned in absolute ownership, nor as a result of contract, payment for use must be made; that is, an estimated rent must be paid.

Example:-

(1). A lives in B's house for a certain period without concluding a contract of hire. He is not obliged to pay rent. But if the house has been dedicated to pious purposes or is the property of the minor, an estimated rent must be paid in respect to the period during which it has been inhabited, whether it is claimed to be property held in absolute ownership, or as a result of contract.

(2). In the case of a house for hire, an estimated rent must be paid if it not claimed to be property held in absolute ownership nor a a result of contract.

(3). A takes B's horse, which B lets out on hire, and uses it for a certain period without the permission of B. An estimated sum by way of hire must be paid.

● 597. If property is used which is claimed to be property owned in absolute ownership, even though it is prepared for hire, nothing need be paid in respect to such use.

Example:- One of the joint owners of a piece of jointly owned property uses such property for a certain period independently and without the consent of the other joint owner, asserting that it is his own property owned in absolute ownership. The other joint owner cannot claim rent in respect to his share, even though it is property prepared for hire.

● 598. If use is made of property which is claimed to be owned as a result of contract, even though it is prepared for hire, nothing need be paid in respect to such use.

Examples:-

(1). A is joint owner of a shop and sells such shop to B without the permission of the other joint-owner. B holds such shop for a certain period. The other joint-owner does not give his assent to the sale and seizes his share. He cannot claim rent in respect to his share, however, much the shop may have been prepared for giving on hire, because the purchaser, having asserted that he has used it as an owner, his ownership being claimed to be used upon a contract, that is to say, upon a contract of sale, is not obliged to pay for the benefit received.

(2). A sells and delivers his mill to B which he asserts is his own property held in absolute ownership. After having held it for a certain period, another person appears claiming the mill and after proving his case and obtaining judgement, takes it from the purchaser. Such person cannot claim anything from B in the way of rent in respect to that period, since this is claimed to be based on a contract.

● 599. If any person employs a minor without the consent of his tutor, such minor is entitled to receive an estimated wage for his services upon his reaching the age of puberty. If the minor dies, his heirs may claim an estimated wage from the employer is respect to the period of the employment.

SECTION II. COMPENSATION BY PERSON TAKING THE THING ON HIRE.

● 600. Whether the contract of hire is valid or not, the thing taken on hire is on trust while in the possession of the person taking such thing on hire.

● 601. If the thing taken on hire is destroyed while in the possession of the person taking such thing on hire, the latter may not be called upon to make good the loss, unless he has committed some wrongful act, or negligence, or performed any act which he is not authorised to do.

● 602. If the thing hired is destroyed by reason of the wrongful act of the person taking the thing on hire, or the value thereof is diminished, such person must make good the loss.

Example:- The person taking an animal or hire beats it and it dies,or is destroyed by reason of his brutal and violent driving. Such person must make good the loss.

● 603. If the person taking the thing on hire acts in a way contrary to what is customary, such act is wrongful and he must make good any damage or loss resulting therefrom.

Examples:-

(1). Clothes which are taken on hire are used in a way contrary to what is customary and become tattered. The loss must be made good.

(2). A fire breaks out in a house which has been hired by reason of a fire being lighted which is larger than what is customary and house is burnt. The loss must be made good.

● 604. If the thing is destroyed owing to the failure of the person taking the thing on hire to take proper care, or the value thereof is decreased, the loss must be made good.

Example:- A person takes an animal on hire and drives it is not a deserted place so that it is lost. He must make good the loss.

● 605. If the person taking the thing on hire goes beyond what he has agreed to do, acting in contravention of what he has been authorised to do, he must make good any loss caused thereby. But if his act in contravention results in something equivalent to or less than what he has agreed to do, he incurs no liability.

Example:- A takes an animal on hire to load so many okes of oil and instead loads the same number of okes of iron upon it and the animal is destroyed. A must make good the loss. But if a load equal to or lighter than oil is loaded and the animal is destroyed, there is no liability to make good the loss.

● 606. On the expiration of the contract of hire, the thing hired remains on trust in the possession of the person taking the thing on hire for safe keeping. Consequently, if the person taking the thing on hire uses such thing on the expiration of the period of hire and such thing is destroyed, he must make good the loss. Again, if the person giving the thing on hire asks for his property to be returned on the termination of the contract of hire, and the person taking the thing on hire fails to do so, he must make good the loss if such property is destroyed.

SECTION III. LOSS CAUSED BY EMPLOYEES.

● 607. If the thing entrusted to an employee to work upon is destroyed by the wrongful act or negligence of such person, the latter must make good the loss.

● 608. A wrongful act of an employee consists of any act or conduct contrary to the express or implied order of his employer.

Examples:-

1. A instructs his shepherd who is his private employee to pasture his flock in a certain place and no other. The shepherd takes the flock to another place. He has committed a wrongful act, and if the animals are destroyed in that place, the shepherd must make good the loss.

(2). A hands cloth to a tailor instructing him to cut it and make him a long coat therefrom, if the cloth is sufficient. The tailor tells him that it is sufficient. If it turns out after the cloth is cut up that it is not sufficient for the purpose, A can claim to have the loss made good by the tailor.

● 609. Negligence of the employee consists of any fault of his of which he is guilty without excuse in the preservation of the thing entrusted to him on account of his employment.

Example:- An animal strays from the flock and is lost purely on account of the neglect of the shepherd to come and catch such animal. The shepherd must make good the loss. He is not liable, however, if his failure to go after the animal arose out of the probability that is so doing he would lose the other animals.

● 610. A private employee is a trustee. Consequently, he is under no obligation to make good any loss arising out or the destruction of property in his possession not caused by any act of his.

Similarly, if property is destroyed by his own act without his fault he is not liable to make good the loss.

● 611. A public employee is liable to make good any damage or loss incurred by his own act, whether resulting from any wrongful act or negligence of his or not.

PROMULGATED BY ROYAL IRADAH 6TH. ZIL QADA, 1286.

AL-MAJALLA AL AHKAM AL ADALIYYAH

(The Ottoman Courts Manual)

@@ 1. satır: / 1. satır: @@
-{{Majalla}}
 {{Majalla bakınız}}
+{{Mecelle bakınız}}
 ==INTRODUCTION==
-==TERMS OF ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE RELATING TO HIRE. ==
+==TERMS OF TURKIC JURISPRUDENCE RELATING TO HIRE. ==
@@ 603. satır: / 603. satır: @@
 AL-MAJALLA AL AHKAM AL ADALIYYAH
-(The Ottoman Courts Manual (Hanafi))
+(The Ottoman Courts Manual)
 {{Majalla}}
+{{Mecelle}}

g • t • d ENGLISH: AL-MAJALLA AL AHKAM AL ADALIYYAH (The Journal of The Verdicts of The Justice or The Ottoman Courts Manual) Tam metin :Mecelle/İngilizce/Düz metin - Mecelle/English ENG word. (Majalla : INTRODUCTION .Part I: Article 1 :Majalla/Definition and Classification of Turkic Jurisprudence - Article 2: Majalla/ PART IIMajalla/MAXIMS OF TURKIC JURISPRUDENCE. (2-99 articles) +1.Book I: SALE (BUYU': 101-403 )+ 2.Book II:RENT (İCÂRAT: 404 -611 ) + 3.Book III:((612-672))Guarantee + 4.BookIV :Transfer of Debt: (673-700) + 5. Book V :Pledges (701-761)+ 6. Book VI Trust and trusteeship (762-832)+ 7.Book VII: Gift (833-880)+ 8. Book VIII: Wrongful Appropriation and Destructions WRONGFUL APPROPRIATION AND DESTRUCTION(881-940)+ 9.BookIX:Interdiction, Constraint and Pre-emption: (941-1044) + 10.Book 10: Joint Ownership (1045-1148)+ 11. Book 11: Agency (1449-1530) + 12. Book 12: Settlement and Release (1531-1571) + 13.Book 13: Admissions (1572-1612)+ 14.Book 14: Actions (1613-1675) + 15. Book 15: Evidence and Administration of an Oath (1676-1783)+ 16. Book 16: Administration of Justice by the Courts (1784-1851)
Mecelle/Dictionary . Mecelle/Fransızca - Mecelle/Arabî . Mecelle/Osmani ❍ (Majalla : Introduction .INTRODUCTION .Part I: Article 1 :PART II :Majalla/Definition and Classification of Turkic Jurisprudence . Majalla/ PART II:Majalla/MAXIMS OF TURKIC JURISPRUDENCE. (2-99 articles)
Book I	Majalla/Book I: : BUYU' (SALE) ● Book 1: Sale. 1.Kitap: Kitab'ul Büyû' Bir mukaddime ve 7 bab (101-403)
Book II	Majalla/Book II: RENT(İCARAT)● Book 2: Hire : 2.Kitap: Kitab'ul İcârât Bir mukaddime 8 Bab (403-611)
Book III	Majalla/Book III: ● Book 3: Guarantee : 3.Kitap: Kitab'ul Kefâlet Bir Mukaddime 3 Bab (612-672)
Book IV	Majalla/Book VI:● Book 4: Transfer of Debt :4.Kitap: Kitab'ul Havâle Bir Mukaddime 2 Bab (673-700)
Book V	Majalla/Book V● Book 5: Pledges :5.Kitap: Kitab'ul Rehn Bir Mukaddime 3 Bab (701-761)
Book VI	Majalla/Book VI● Book 6: Trust and trusteeship : 6.Kitap: Kitab'ul Emanet Bir Mukaddime 3 Bab (762-832)
Book VII	Majalla/Book VII ● Book 7: Gift .7.Kitap: Kitab'ul Hibe Bir Mukaddime 2 Bab (833-880)
Book VIII	Majalla/Book VIII● Book 8: Wrongful Appropriation and Destructions WRONGFUL APPROPRIATION AND DESTRUCTION8.Kitap: Kitab'ul Gasb ve-l İtlaf Bir Mukaddime 2 Bab (881-940)
Book IX	Majalla/Book IX: Interdiction, Constraint and Pre-emption ●Book 9: Interdiction, Constraint and Pre-emption . 9.Kitap: Kitab'ul Hacr ve-l İkrah Veş-Şuf'a Bir Mukaddime 3 Bab (941-104
Book X	Majalla/Book X● Book 10: Joint Ownership 10.Kitap: -Kitab'ul Şirket Bir Mukaddime 8 Bab (1045-1148)
Book XI	Majalla/Book XI● Book 11: Agency . 11.Kitap: Kitab'ul Vekalet Bir Mukaddime 3 Bab (1449-1530)
Book XII	Majalla/Book XII● Book 12: Settlement and Release :12.Kitap: Kitab'ul Sulh ve-l İbra Bir Mukaddime 4 Bab (1531-1571)
Book XIII	Majalla/Book XIII● Book 13: Admissions :13.Kitap: Kitab'ul İkrarBir Mukaddime 4 Bab (1572-1612)
Book XIV	Majalla/Book XIV● Book 14: Actions :14.Kitap: Kitab'ul Da'vâ Bir Mukaddime 12 Bab (1613-1675)
Book XV	Majalla/Book XV ● Book 15: Evidence and Administration of an Oath. 15.Kitap: Kitab'ul Beyyinat ve't-Tahlif Bir Mukaddime 4 Bab (1676-1783)
Book XVI	Majalla/Book XVI ● Book 16: Administration of Justice by the Courts 16.Kitap: Kitab'ul Kazâ Bir Mukaddime 4 Bab (1784-1851)
Kaynaklar	Majalla English Word text Dosya:ENG Ottoman Majalle (Civil Law).pdf The Journal of The Verdicts of The Justice

g • t • d Portal:Mecelle: Mecelle• مجلة• المجلة Son:Eyüp Sabri Kartal çalışmaları:ESK/Mecelle . Mecelle/İngilizce/Düz metin. KBVT . Mecelle/Türki Arabi Terim ve Lügat izahlı, Mecelle/Tr- Eng - Arb- Fransızca - Osmanî - Mecelle/Vecizeler . Fihrist-i Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliye . MC/1. MC/2• MC/90
Mecelle/Arabî. Mecelle/Osmani .Mecelle/Fransızca Dosya:Mecelle Fransızca legislation ottomon ikogoog.pdf. Mecelle/English Dosya:ENG Ottoman Majalle (Civil Law).pdf bir fende yevmi olmayan yazıların olduğu basılı uzmanlık dergisi Medical journal tıbbi mecelle demektir. Journal magazine dergisinin ayrılır.Mecelle/Tercümeleri
1.Kitap	Mecelle/Mukaddime: 1- Fıkhın tarifi(1) ve 2 -Kavaid -i Külliye (1-100) - Kitab'ul Büyû' Bir mukaddime ve 7 bab (101-403)
2.Kitap	Kitab'ul İcârât Bir mukaddime 8 Bab (403-611) 3.Kitap: Kitab'ul Kefâlet Bir Mukaddime 3 Bab (612-672) 4.Kitap: Kitab'ul Havâle Bir Mukaddime 2 Bab (673-700) 5.Kitap: Kitab'ul Rehn Bir Mukaddime 3 Bab (701-761) 6.Kitap: Kitab'ul Emanet Bir Mukaddime 3 Bab (762-832) 7.Kitap: Kitab'ul Hibe Bir Mukaddime 2 Bab (833-880) 8.Kitap: Kitab'ul Gasb ve-l İtlaf Bir Mukaddime 2 Bab (881-940) 9.Kitap: Kitab'ul Hacr ve-l İkrah Veş-Şuf'a Bir Mukaddime 3 Bab (941-1044) 10.Kitap: Kitab'ul Şirket Bir Mukaddime 8 Bab (1045-1148) 11.Kitap: Kitab'ul Vekalet Bir Mukaddime 3 Bab (1449-1530) 12.Kitap: Kitab'ul Sulh ve-l İbra Bir Mukaddime 4 Bab (1531-1571) 13.Kitap: Kitab'ul İkrar Bir Mukaddime 4 Bab (1572-1612) 14.Kitap: Kitab'ul Da'vâ Bir Mukaddime 12 Bab (1613-1675) 15.Kitap: Kitab'ul Beyyinat ve't-Tahlif Bir Mukaddime 4 Bab (1676-1783 16.Kitap: Kitab'ul Kazâ Bir Mukaddime 4 Bab (1784-1851) (42)
Arapça	Mecelle/Arapça luğatte .مجلة. Ve الجمع Cem'i : meccal( مجالّ) ve meccalat (مجلاَّت) *El-mecelle; Kitap المَجَلَّة : الكتاب المَجَلَّة : الصَّحيفةُ تَجْمَعُ طرائف المعرفة وتقال في عصرنا هذا لكل صحيفة عامّةٍ أَو متخصِّصة في فن من الفنون تظهر في أَوقات معينة ، بخلاف الصّحف اليوميَّة Cem'i والجمع : مجالُّ ، مَجَلاَّتٌ Akademik personel anlamında kullanılır
Kitabeti	Mecelle. مجله.Majalla . Megillah .
Türev	Celle• Celil• Celal • Tecelli• Mücella
Diğer	Azerbeycan Cumhuriyetinin Mülki Mecellesi
VP	Mecelle/VP - Mecelle/WP [6] - Mecelle/WP Arabi
Alakalı	Ester - Esther -Aşir - Aşur - Aysu - Esau - Isaiah Book of Esther [7] (Ester kitabı [8]) :Hz.Muhammed as hakkında haberler vardır. İbni Kesir Peygamber olduğunu söyler.
x

g • t • d MKK: MKK1. MKK/1-30 MKK/1-25. MKK/Düz Metin linkli MC/1 . MC/2 . MC/3 . MC/4 . MC/5 . MC/6 . MC/7 . MC/8 . MC/9 . MC/10 . MC/11 . MC/12 . MC/13 . MC/14 . MC/15 . MC/16 . MC/17 . MC/18 . MC/19 . MC/20 . MC/21 . MC/22 . MC/23 . MC/24 . MC/25
MC/1	“#İlm-i fıkh, mesâil-i şer’iyye-i ameliyeyi bilmektir ”. علم الفقه معرفة المسائل الشرعية العملية . #The science of jurisprudence consists of a knowledge of the precepts of the Divine Legislator in their relation to human affairs . #علم فقه مسائل شرعيهء عملية يي بيلمكدر . Hukuk ilmi, mesail-i meşruiyye-i ameliyeyi bilmektir. ESK İlm-i Fıkh: Fıkıh ilmi .Mesail: Meseleler Mesâil-i şer’iyye-i ameliye: Amellerle ilgili hukuki meseleler . Mecelle/Madde 1 .
MC/2	“#Bir işten maksat ne ise hüküm ona göredir.”2. A matter is determined according to intention; that is to say, the effect to be given to any particular transaction must conform to the object of such transaction. 170, 769, 1240.; TMK. 1, 2, 3, 84, 114, 125.; TBK. 18, 20, , 41, 43, 48, 82, 83.; ZGB. 2., 3.; BGB. 157, 242, 932.; TCK. 45
MC/3	“#Ukudda itibar mekasıd ve meaniyedir; elfaz ve mebaniye değildir.3.”In contracts effect is given to intention and meaning and not to words and phrases. Madde 3 - Ukûdda itibar makâsıt ve maâniyedir, elfâz ve mebâniye değildir. MC. MC/262, MC/389, MC/648.; TMK. ı, 2, 3.; TBK ı, 18,25, 26, 154, 165, 178, 505.; MH. 314, Ukud: Akitler . Mekasıd: Maksatlar . Meani: Manalar .Elfaz: Lafızlar, kelimeler .Mebani: Beyanlar, açıklamalar
MC/4	#Şek ile yakin zail olmaz . el-yakînu lâ yezûlü bi'ş-şekk) .● 4. Certainty is not dispelled by doubt . Şek: Doubtdispelled:zail olmak . İstishab . Yakin :Certainty - Şek ile yakin zâil olmaz. MC. MC/5, MC/6, MC/7, MC/8, MC/9, MC/10, MC/11, MC/12.
MC/5	"#Bir şeyin bulunduğu hal üzere kalması asıldır.”● 5. It is a fundamental principle that a thing shall remain as it was originally. MC. MC/6, MC/10, MC/1685, MC/1776, MC/1777.; TMK 15
MC/6	#Kadim, kıdemi üzerine terk olunur.● 6. Things which have been in existence from time immemorial shall be left as they were. Madde 6 - Kâdim kıdemi üzere zikrolunur.MC. MC/9, MC/612.
MC/7	# Zarar kadim olmaz.● 7.Injury cannot exist from time immemorial .immemorial .Madde 7- Zarar kadim olmaz. MC. MC/6 , MC/166, MC/1166, MC/1224; MH. 48.; TBK. 125 - 140
MC/8	#Beraet-i zimmet asıldır.● 8. Freedom from liability is a fundamental principle. MC. MC/166, MC/1224, MC/1197.; MH. 48; TBK. 125 - 140. Madde 8 - Berâ'et-i zimmet asıldır.
MC/9	#Sıfat-ı arızada asl olan ademdir.● 9. Non-existence is a fundamental principle which applies to all rights which may subsequently accrue. accrue Madde 9 — Sıfât-ı ârizada asl olan ademdir. MC/8, MC/332
MC/10	#Bir zamanda sabit olan şeyin -hilafına delil olmadıkça- bekasıyla hükmolunur.● 10. Judgement shall be given in respect to any matter which has been proved at any particular time, unless the contrary is proved.Madde 10 — Bir zamanda sabit olan şey'in hilâfina delil olmadıkça bekâsıyla hükmolunur. MC MC/5, MC/1621, MC/1592
MC/11	● 11. It is a fundamental principle that any new occurrence shall be regarded as happening at the time nearest to the present.*Madde 11 - Bir emr-i hâdisin akreb-i evkâtına izâfeti asıldır.Yani hâdis olan bir işin sebep ve zaman-ı vukûunda ihtilâf olunsa zaman-1 ba'îde nisbeti ispat olunmadıkça hâle akreb olan zamana nisbet olunur.MC MC/10, MC/5, MC/8; HUMK 299.
MC/12	● 12. It is a fundamental principle that words shall be construed literally. Madde 12 - Kelâmda asl olan manây-ı hakîkîdir. MC. MC/13, MC/60, MC/61.; TMK ı, 2; TBK 18
MC/13	Madde 13 - Tasrih mukâbelesinde delâlete i'tibar yokdur. MC. MC/12, MC/772; TBK. ı. 2:, HUMK. 234, ● 13. No attention shall be paid to inferences in the face of obvious facts.
MC/14	Madde 14 - Mevrid-i nassda ictihâda mesâğ yoktur. MC/15, MC/16, MC/167.; TMK. ı, 2; TBK 18 ● 14. Where the text is clear, there is no room for interpretation.
MC/15	#Madde 15 - Alâ hilâfi'l-kıyâs sâbit olan şey sâire makîsün-aleyh olamaz.MC. MC/14, MC/16. MC/1659. ● 15. A matter which has been proved contrary to legal analogy cannot be cited by way of analogy in respect to any other matter.
MC/16	# Madde 16 - İctihâd ile ictihâd nakz olmaz.MC. MC/14, MC/15.; TMK. 1; TCK. 44 ● 16. One legal interpretation does not destroy another.
MC/17	Madde 17 - Meşakkat tesyîri celbeder. Yani su'ûbet sebeb-i tesyîr olur ve darlık vaktinde vüs'at gösterilmek lazım gelir. Karz ve havâle ve hacir gibi pekçok ahkâm-ı fikhiyye bu asla müteferri'dir ve fukahânın ahkâm-ı şer'iyyede gösterdikleri ruhas ve tahfifat hep bu kâideden istihrâc olunmuştur. MC. MC/18, MC/19, MC/20, MC/205, MC/223, MC/396, MC/799.; TMK. 2 ● 17. Difficulty begets facility; that is to say, difficulty is the cause of facility and in time of hardship consideration must be shown. Very many subjects of Islamic jurisprudence, such as loans, transfer of debts and interdiction are derived from this principle, and the latitude and indulgence shown by Islamic jurists in their rulings are all based upon this rule.
MC/18	Madde 18 - Bir iş zîk oldukda müttesi olur. Yani bir işde meşakkat görülünce ruhsat ve vüs'at gösterilir. MC. MC/17. ● 18. Latitude should be afforded in the case of difficulty, that is to say, upon the appearance of hardship in any particular matter, latitude and indulgence must be shown.
MC/19	# Madde 19 - Zarar ve mukâbele bi'z-zarâr yokdur.MC. MC/20, MC/25, MC/26, MC/27, 28, MC/29.; TMK. 41, 61, vd; ● 19. Injury may not be met by injury.
MC/20	#Madde 20 - Zarar izâle olunur.MC. MC/19, MC/21, MC/22, MC/25, MC/26, MC/27, MC/28, MC/29, MC/30, MC/32, MC/998, MC/1201.; TBK 41 vd. ● 20. Injury is removed
MC/21	# Madde 21 - Zarûretler memnû' olan şeyleri mübah kilâr. MC. MC/22, MC/96, MC/97, MC/1007.; TBK. 52; TCK 49-50, 516/4. ● 21. Necessity renders prohibited things permissible
MC/22	# Madde 22 - Zarûretler kendi mikdarlarınca takdir olunur ● 22. Necessity is estimated by the extent thereof..MC.MC/21, MC/23.; TBK. 52; TCK. 49-50, 516/4
MC/23	# Madde 23 - Bir özür için câiz olan şey ol özrün zevâliyle bâtıl olur. MC. MC/22, MC/517.● 23. A thing which is permissible by reason of the existence of some excuse thereof, ceases to be permissible with the disappearance of that excuse.
MC/24	# Madde 24 - Mâni' zâil oldukda memnû' avdet eder.MC. MC/19, MC/335, MC/345, MC/347, MC/372, MC/869, MC/870, MC/1647, MC/1653, MC/1654. ● 24. When a prohibition is removed, the thing to which such prohibition attaches reverts to its former status of legality.
MC/25	# Madde 25 - Bir zarar kendi misliyle izâle olunamaz.MC. MC/26, MC/27, MC/28, MC/29, MC/31, MC/965, MC/1141, MC/1288, MC/1312.; TCK 49-50, 516/4; TBK 52 ● 25. An injury cannot be removed by the commission of a similar injury.

g • t • d MKK: MKK2 :MKK/25-50 MC/25. MC/26 .MC/27. MC/28 .MC/29. MC/30 .MC/31. MC/32 .MC/33. MC/34 .MC/35. MC/36 .MC/37. MC/38 .MC/39. MC/40 .MC/41. MC/42 .MC/43. MC/44 .MC/45. MC/46 .MC/47. MC/48 .MC/49. MC/50
MC/25	Madde 25 Bir zarar kendi misliyle izâle olunamaz. MC/26, MC/27, MC/28, MC/29, MC/31, MC/965, MC/1141, MC/1288, MC/1312.; TCK 49-50, 516/4; TBK 52 ● Article 25. An injury cannot be removed by the commission of a similar injury.
MC/26	Madde 26 - Zarar-ı âmmı def için zarar-ı has ihtiyâr olunur. MC. MC/20, MC/27, MC/28, MC/29, MC/1325. ● Article 26. A private injury is tolerated in order to ward off a public injury. The prohibition from practice of an incompetent physician is derived from this principle.
MC/27	Madde 27 - Zarar-ı eşedd zarar-ı ehaf ile izâle olunur. MC. MC/25, MC/26, MC/20, MC/902, MC/906, MC/1044, MC/1224, MC/1440.; TMK. 656, 661 vd. ● Article 27. Severe injury is removed by lesser injury.
MC/28	Madde 28 - İki fesâd te'âruz etdikde ehaffí irtikâb ile a'zamının çaresine bakılır. MC/20, MC/25, MC/26, MC/27, MC/29, MC/902.; TMK. 656, 661 vd. ● Article 28. In the presence of two evils, the greater is avoided by the commission of the lesser.
MC/29	Madde 29 - Ehven-i şerreyn ihtiyâr olunur. MC. MC/21, MC/22, MC/26, MC/27, MC/28, MC/902.; TMK. 656, 661 vd. ● Article 29. The lesser of the two evils is preferred.
MC/30	Madde 30 - Def'-i mefâsid celb-i menâfi'den evlâdır. ● Article 30. Repelling an evil is preferable to securing a benefit.
MC/31	Madde 31 -Zarar bi-kadari'l-imkân def olunur. MC. MC/28, MC/29, MC/30, MC/532, MC/533.; TMK. 656 ve 661. ● Article 31. Injury is removed as far as possible.
MC/32	Madde 32 - Hâcet umûmî olsun husûsî olsun zarûret menzilesine tenzîl olunur. Bey ' bil-vefânın tecvîzi bu kabîldendir ki Buhara ahâlîsinde borç tekessür etdikçe görülen ihtiyaç üzerine bu mu'âmele mer'iyyü'l-icrâ olmuştur. MC. MC/21, MC/118, MC/205, MC/213, MC/396, MC/420.● Article 32. Any want, whether of a public or private nature, is so dealt with as to meet the exigencies of the case. The validity of sale subject to a right of redemption is of this nature. The inhabitants of Bokhara having fallen badly into debt, this procedure was put into operation in order to meet the exigencies of the case.
MC/33	Madde 33 - Iztırar gayrın hakkını ibtâl etmez.Binâen-alâ-zâlik bir adam aç kalıb da birinin ekmeğini yese ba'dehû kıymetini vermesi lazım gelir.MC. MC/400, MC/1007.; TCK: 49-50/4; TBK. 52 ● Article 33. Necessity does not invalidate the right of another. Consequently, if a hungry person eats bread belonging to another, such person must later pay the value thereof.
MC/34	Madde 34 - Alması memnû' olan şeyin vermesi dahi memnû' olur.TCK 64 67 MC MC/35 tbk 50 ● Article 34. A thing which may not be taken may also not be given.
MC/35	Madde 35 - İşlenmesi memnû' olan şeyin istenmesi dahi memnû' olur.TCK 64-67.; TBK 50.; MC. MC/34, MC/1818. ● Article 35. It is forbidden to request the performance of a prohibited act.
MC/36	Madde 36 - Âdet muhakkemdir. Yani hükm-i şer'iyi isbât için örf ve âdet hakem kılınır. Gerek âmm olsun ve gerek hâs olsun. MC. MC/37, MC/38, MC/39, MC/40, MC/41, MC/42, MC/43, MC/44, 45, MC/230, MC/251, MC/291, MC/450, MC/460, MC/469, MC/574, MC/575, MC/576, MC/1340, MC/1790, MC/188, MC/354, MC/495, MC/555, MC/622, MC/829.; TMK. 1/1, 590/11, 592/281, 285, 420, 423. ● Article 36. Custom is an arbitrator; that is to say, custom, whether public or private, may be invoked to justify the giving of judgement.
MC/37	Madde 37 - Nâsın isti'mâli bir hüccetdir ki anınla amel vâcib olur. I'MK ı; MC. MC/36, MC/168, MC/389, MC/495. ● Article 37. Public usage is conclusive evidence and action must be taken in accordance therewith.
MC/38	Madde 38 - Âdeten mümteni' olan şey hakîkaten mümteni' gibidir.MC. MC/36, MC/37, MC/39, MC/40, MC/1589, MC/1629. ● Article 38. A thing which it is customary to regard as impossible is considered to be impossible in fact.
MC/39	Madde 39 - Ezmanın tegayyürü ile ahkâm'ın tagayyürü inkâr olunamaz.MC. MC/36, MC/37, MC/38, MC/40, MC/244, MC/326, MC/596, MC/1716. ● Article 39. It is an accepted fact that the terms of law vary with the change in the times.
MC/40	Madde 40 - Âdetin delâletiyle ma'ânîy-ı hakîkî terk olunur.MC. MC/12, MC/36, MC/37, MC/38, MC/39, MC/61, MC/82, MC/912, MC/1584.; TMK ı, 2.; TBK. 18 ● Article 40. In the presence of custom no regard is paid to the literal meaning of a thing.
MC/41	Madde 41- Âdet ancak muttarid yâhut galip oldukda mu'teber olur.MC. MC/36, MC/37, MC/38, MC/39, MC/40, MC/42, MC/240.; TMK ı Article 41. Effect is only given to custom where it is of regular occurrence or when universally prevailing.
MC/42	Madde 42 - İ'tibâr galib-i şâyi'adır, nâdire değildir.MC. MC/41, MC/987.; TMK ı; HUMK 238● Article 42. Effect is given to what is of common occurrence; not to what happens infrequently.
MC/43	Madde 43 - Örfe ma'rûf olan şey şart kılınmış gibidir.TMK 1; TTK ı; MC. MC/36, MC/37, MC/41, MC/42, MC/461, MC/563, MC/596, MC/871 ● Article 43. A matter recognised by custom is regarded as though it were a contractual obligation.
MC/44	Madde 44 - Beyne't-tüccâr ma'rûf olan şey beynlerinde meşrût gibidir.MC. MC/36, MC/37, MC/38, MC/790, MC/1463.; TMK 1/1, 2; TBK 18 ● Article 44. A matter recognised by merchants is regarded as being a contractual obligation between them.
MC/45	Madde 45 - Örf ile ta'yîn nass ile ta'yîn gibidir,MC. MC/43, MC/44, MC/527, MC/528, MC/816, MC/1498, MC/1499.; TMK ı ● Article 45. A matter established by custom is like a matter established by law.
MC/46	Madde 46 - Mâni' ve muktazi teâruz etdikde mâni' takdîm olunur. Binâen-alâ-zâlik bir adam borçlusu yedinde merhûn olan malını âhara satamaz. MC. MC/337, MC/350, MC/397, MC/96-MC/1192, MC/590-MC/1725, MC/756-MC/1192-MC/747, MC/1192-MC/1197, MC/1598-MC/1601. ● Article 46. When prohibition and necessity conflict, preference is given to the prohibition. Consequently, a person may not sell to another a thing which he has given to his creditor as security for debt.
MC/47	Madde 47 - Vücudda bir şeye tâbi' olan hükümde dahi ana tâbi' olur. tılmış olur??? MC. MC/48, MC/50, MC/236, MC/903.; TMK. 619-622 ● Article 47. An accessory which is attached to an object in fact is also attached to it is law. Consequently, when a pregnant animal is sold, the young in its womb is sold with it.
MC/48	Madde 48 - Tâbi' olan şeye ayrıca hüküm verilmez. Meselâ bir hayvanın karnındaki yavrusu ayrıca satılamaz. MC. MC/47, MC/216, MC/224, MC/856.; TMK. 619-622 ● Article 48. An accessory to an object cannot be dealt with separately.yvT A Example: The young in an animal's womb cannot be sold separately.
MC/49	Madde 49 - Bir şeye mâlik olan kimse ol şeyin zarûriyyâtmdan olan şeye dahi mâlik olur. Meselâ, bir hâneyi satın alan kimse ana mûsil olan tarîka dahi mâlik olur. MC. MC/232, MC/1194 ● Article 49. The owner of a thing held in absolute ownership is also the owner of the things indispensable to the enjoyment of such thing.yvT K Example: A person who buys a house is also owner of the road leading to it.
MC/50	Madde 50 - Asıl sâkıt oldukda fer' dahi sâkıt olur. MC. MC/81, MC/661, MC/662, MC/1527, MC/1530 ● Article 50. If the principle fails, the accessory also fails.
x

g • t • d MKK: MKK3: MKK/51-75 MC/51. MC/52. MC/53. MC/54. MC/55. MC/56. MC/57. MC/58. MC/59. MC/60. MC/61. MC/62. MC/63. MC/64. MC/65. MC/66. MC/67. MC/68. MC/69. MC/70. MC/71. MC/72. MC/73. MC/74. MC/75
Madde 50 - Asıl sâkıt oldukda fer' dahi sâkıt olur.MC. MC/81, MC/661, MC/662, MC/1527, MC/1530
51	Madde 51 - Sâkıt olan şey avdet etmez. Ya'ni giden geri gelmez.
52	Madde 52 - Bir şey bâtıl oldukda anın zımmındaki şey dahi bâtıl olur.MC. MC/175, MC/523, MC/1566.; MA. 41.; TCK. 49, 50, 51, 60.; TBK ı, 6, 113; HUMK. 234
53	Madde 53 - Aslın îfâsı kâbil olmadığı halde bedeli îfâ olunur.MC. MC/488, MC/489, MC/891.; TBK. 43.
54	Madde 54 - Bizzat tecvîz olunmayan şey bi't-teba' tecviz olunabilir. Meselâ, müşteri mebî'i kabz için bâyi'i tevkîl etse câiz olmaz. Amma iştira eylediği zahîreyi ölçüp koymak için bâyi'a çuvalı verip dahi zahîreyi çuvala edicek zımnan ve teb'an kabz bulunur.
55	MC/55???mMadde Meseli, 55 hi12s:-i' - İbtidâen şâ9ylayı tecviz olunmayan şey bakâen tecviz olunabilir. hibe etmek sahîh değildir. Amma bir mâl-ı mevhûbun bir hisse-i şâyi'asina bir müstahlik çıkıp da zabtetse hibe bâtıl olmayıp hisse-i bâkiye-i mevhûbün lehin malı olur.MC. MC/19, MC/24, MC/430, MC/858, MC/1466.; TMK. 2
56	Madde 56 - Baka' ibtidâdan esheldir. MC/55, MC/429, MC/430.; TMK. 2
57	Madde 57 - Teberru' ancak kabz ile tamam olur. Meselâ, bir adam birine bir şey hibe etse kable'l-kabz hibe tamam olmaz.
58	Madde 58 Raiyye yani teb'a üzerine tasarruf maslahatâ menuttur.
59	Madde 59 Iltejelllîl-i Velâyet-i hâssa velâyet-i âmmeden akvadır. Meselâ, vakfın velâyeti kadınin velâyetinden akvadır. TMK. 262, 265, 266, 267, 272, 275, 405.; MC. MC/974, MC/975.
60	Madde 60- Yani bir kelâmın bir manaya hamli mümkün oldukça ihmâl yani manasız i vamamalıd MC, MC/40, MC/61, MC/1456.; TMK. ı, 2.; TBK. 18.
61	Madde 61 - Ma'nây-ı hakîkî mütaazzir oldukta mecaza gidilir. MC.MC/40, MC/60, MC/62, MC/1517.; TMK. ı, 2.; TBK. 18.
62	Madde 62 - Bir kelâmın i'mâli mümkün olmaz ise ihmâl olunur. Yani bir kelamın hakîkî ve mecâzî bir manaya hamli mümkün olmaz ise o halde mühmel yani manasız bırakılır. MC. MC/60, MC/61, MC/1577, MC/1629, MC/1697.; TMK. ı, 2.; TBK. 18.
63	Madde 63 - Mütecezzi olmayan bir şeyin bazını zikretmek küllünü zikr gibidir. MC. MC/60, MC/1041.; MA. 31, 36.; TBK. ı, 6.; HUMK 234.
64	Madde 64 - Mutlak ıtlakı üzere cârî olur. Eğer nassan yahut delâleten takyîd delîli bulunmaz ise. MC. MC/1, MC/2, MC/571, MC/572, MC/573, MC/819, MC/820, MC/1494, MC/1495, MC/1478, MC/1482, MC/1483, MC/1484.; TBK. 180.; HUMK 234.
65	Madde 65 - Hazırdaki vasıf lağv ve gaibdeki vasıf muteberdir. Meselâ, meclis-i hazır olan bir kır atı satacak olduğu halde şu yağız atı şu kadar bin kuruşa satdım dese icabı muteber olup yağız tabiri lağv olur amma meydanda Olmayan bir kır atı yağız deyu satsa vasıf mu'teber olmakla bey' mün'akid ol- MC. MC/107, MC/208,.; TMK ı, 2.; TBK. 18, 31.
66	Madde 66 - Sual cevapta iâde olunmuş addolunur. Yani tasdik, olunan bir sualde ne denilmiş ise mûcib onu söylemiş hükmündedir.
67	Madde 67 - Sâkit'e bir söz isnâd olunmaz. Lâkin ma'raz-ı hâcette sükût beyandır. Yani, sükût eden kimseye şu sözü söylemiş oldu denilemez, lâkin söyleyecek yer- MC. MC/281, 377]], 438]], 596]], MC/773, MC/805, MC/843, MC/847, MC/971, MC/1451, MC/1452, MC/1485, MC/1659, MC/1822.; HUMK 234.; TBK ı, 6, 31, 198-200, 221, 263, 387, 428.
68	Madde 68 - Bir şeyin umûr-u bâtınada delili ol şeyin makâmına kâim olur. Yani hakîkatine olan umûr-l bâtınada delîl-i zâhirîsi ile hükm olunur???. MC. MC/67, MC/183, MC/344, MC/769, MC/770, TMK 3.
69	Madde 69 - Mükâtebe muhâtaba gibidir.MC. MC/436, MC/1607, MC/1610, MC/1736.; TEK 5, 10.
70	Madde 70 - Dilsizin işaret-i malhûdesi lisan ile beyân gibidir.
71	Madde 71 - Tercümanın kavli her hususda kabul olunur.
72	Madde 72 Hatâsı zâhir olan zanna i'tibar yoktur.MC. 914, 1061, MC/18 38.; TMK. ı, 2.; TBK. 18.; HUMK. 236, 254.
73	Madde 73 - Senede müstenid olan ihtimal ile hüccet yoktur. Meselâ, bir kimse veresesinden birine şu kadar kuruş borcu olduğunu ikrâr hücc:ettiği takdirde eğer maraz-ı mevtinde ise diğer verese tasdik etmedikçe bu ikrârı değildir. Zira eğer vereseden mal kaçırmak ihtimali maraz-ı mevte müsteniddir. amma hal-i sıhhatda ise ikrârı mu'teber olur ve ol halde olan ihtimal mücerred bir nevi te- MC.MC/72, MC/74, MC/1568, MC/1578.; HUMK. 236, 254.
74	Madde 74 - Tevehhüme i'tibar yokdur. MC. MC/72, MC/73, MC/75, MC/1013, MC/1161, MC/1192, MC/1741.; MA. 92.
75	Madde 75 - Bürhan ile sâbit olan şey ıyânen sabit gibidir.

g • t • d MKK: MKK/4 -MKK/75-100 MC/75 . MC/76 . MC/77 . MC/78 . MC/79 . MC/80 . MC/81 . MC/82 . MC/83 . MC/84 . MC/85 . MC/86 . MC/87 . MC/88 . MC/89 . MC/90 . MC/91 . MC/92 . MC/93 . MC/94 . MC/95 . MC/96 . MC/97 . MC/98 . MC/99 . MC/100
MC/75	Madde 75 - Bürhan ile sâbit olan şey ıyânen sabit gibidir.● Article 75. A thing established by proof is equivalent to a thing established by ocular inspection.
MC/76	Madde 76 - Beyyine müdde'î için ve yemîn münkir üzerinedir. MC. MC/1461, MC/1463, MC/1613, MC/1817, MC/1818, MC/78, MC/79.; TMK. 6, 28, 157, 185.; TBK 42/1, 55/1, 103/11. ● Article 76. EVIDENCE IS FOR HIM WHO AFFIRMS; THE OATH FOR HIM WHO DENIES.
MC/77	Madde 77 — Beyyine hilâf-ı zâhiri isbât için ve yemîn aslı ibkâ içindir. MC. 8, 9, 11, 77, 81, 403, 967, 1774.● Article 77. The object of evidence is to prove what is contrary to appearance; the object of the oath is to ensure the continuance of the original state.
MC/78	Madde 78 - Beyyine hüccet-i müteaddiye ve ikrâr hüccet-i kâsıradır. MC. 80, 81, 1384, 1572, 1642, 1676.; HUMK. 236, 254, 299. ● Article 78. Evidence is proof affecting third person; admission is proof affecting the person making such admission only.
MC/79	Madde 79 - Kişi ikrârıyla muaheze olunur. MC. 79, 81, 1127, 1573, 1575, 1588, 1632, 1654. ● Article 79. A person is bound by his own admission.
MC/80	Madde 80 — Tenâkuz ile hüccet kalmaz, lâkin mütenâkızın aleyhine olan hükme halel gelmez. Meselâ, şehidler şahâdetlerinden rücû' ile tenâkuz etdiklerinde şahâdetleri hüccet olmaz, lâkin evvelki şahâdetleri üzerine kâdî hükmetmiş ise bu hüküm dahi bozulmayıp mahkumunbihi şahidlerin tazmin etmesi lazım gelir. MC. 78, 90, 1729, 1730. ● Article 80. Contradiction and proof are incompatible; but this does not invalidate a judgement given against the person contradicting. Example:- Witnesses contradict themselves by going back upon the evidence they have given. Such evidence is not proof; but if the court has already given judgement based upon the original evidence, such judgement may not be set aside, but the witnesses must pay the value of the subject matter of the judgement to the persons against whom judgement has been given.
MC/81	Madde 81 — Asıl sâbit olmadığı halde fer'in sâbit olduğu vardır. Meselâ, bir kimse filanın filana şu kadar kuruş deyni vardır, ben dahi kefilim dese ve asil'in inkârı üzerine dâ'in iddi'â etse meblağ-ı mezburu kefilin vermesi lazım gelir. MC. 78, 1632. ● Article 81. Failure to establish the principle claim does not imply failure to establish a claim subsidiary thereto. Example:- A person states that A owes a sum of money to B and that he has the surety of A. Such person will be obliged to pay the sum in question if A repudiates the debt and B demands payment.
MC/82	Madde 82 — Şartin sübûtu indinde ana muallak olan şeyin sübûtu lazım olur. MC. 83, 84, 408, 494, 623, 1456, 1584.; TMK/2. ● Article 82. If the validity of a condition is established, the validity of anything dependent thereon must also be established.
MC/83	Madde 83 — Bi-kaderi'l-imkân şarta mürâat olunmak lâzım gelir. MC. 82, 84, 186, 187, 189, 287, 398, 468, 474, 777, 813, 884, 1073, 1166, 1420, 1337, 1402, 1561.; TMK. 2. ● Article 83. A condition must be observed as far as possible.
MC/84	Madde 84 - Va'dler suver-i ta'lîki iktisâ ile lazım olur. Meselâ, sen bu malı filan adama sat, eğer akçesini vermez ise ben veririm dese ve malı alan akçeyi vermese bu va'di eden kimsenin akçeyi vermesi lazım gelir. MC. 82, 83, 623. ● Article 84. Any promise dependent upon a condition is irrevocable upon such condition being fulfilled. Example:- A person tells A to sell a certain thing to B and informs A he will pay him in the event of B failing to do so, and B does in fact fail so to do. The person making the promise is obliged to pay the money.
MC/85	Madde 85 — Bir şeyin nefi zamânı mukâbelesindedir. Yani, bir şey telef olduğu takdirde hasârı kime âit ise anın zamanında demek olup ol kimsenin bu vechile zamanı ol şey ile intifâ'a mukâbil olur. Meselâ, hıyar-ı ayb ile reddolunan bir hayvanı müşteri kullanmış olmasından dolayı bâyi' ücret alamaz. Zira kablen-redd telef olaydı hasarı müşteriye ait olacaktı. MC. 86, 87, 88, 236, 344, 393, 891, 903. ● Article 85. The enjoyment of a thing is the compensating factor for any liability attaching thereto; that is to say, in the event of a thing being destroyed, the person to whom such thing belongs must suffer the loss and conversely may enjoy any advantages attaching thereto. Example:- An animal is returned by reason of an option for defect. The vendor may not charge any fee on account of the use of the animal, because if it had been fallen upon the purchaser.
MC/86	Madde 86 - Ücret ile zamân müctemi' olmaz. MC. 85, 87, 88, 416, 469, 511, 536, 545, 548, 551, 596. ● Article 86. Remuneration and liability to make good loss do not run together.
MC/87	Madde 87 - Mazarrat menfa'at mukâbelesindedir. Yani, bir şeyin menfa'atına nâil olan anın mazarratına da mütehammil olur. MC, 85, 86, 88, 292, 1073. 1152, 1308, 1316, 1319, 1324, 1327, 1328. ● Article 87. Disadvantage is an obligation accompanying enjoyment. That is to say, a person who enjoys a thing must submit to the disadvantages attaching thereto.
88	Madde 88 - Külfet ni'mete ve nümet külfete göredir. MC. 85, 86, 87. ● Article 88. The burden is in proportion to the benefit and the benefit to the burden.
89	Madde 89 - Bir fiilin hükmü fâiline muzâf kılınır ve mücbir olmadıkça âmirine muzaaf kılınmaz. MC 90, 92, 93, 95, 9. Kizp, 293. ● Article 89. The responsibility for an act falls upon the author thereof; it does not fall upon the person ordering such act to be performed, provided that such person does not compel the commission thereof.
90	Madde 90 - Mübâşir yani bizzat fâil ile mütesebbib müctemi' oldukda hükm ol fâile muzaf kılınır. Meselâ. birinin tarîk-i âmmda kazmış olduğu kuyuya diğeri, birinin hayvanını ilkâ ile itlâf ezse o zâmin olup kuyuyu hafr eden kimseye zamân lâzım gelmez. MC. 89, 91. 92 193, 922, 1828; TCK 52, 6467.; TBK. 41, vd. ● Article 90. If a person performs any act personally and is implicated therein with the person who is the cause thereof, the person performing such act is responsible thereof. Example:- A digs a well in the public highway and B causes C's animal to fall therein and to be destroyed. B is responsible thereof and no liability rests with the person who dug the well.
91	Madde 91 - Cevâz-ı şer'i zamâna münâfi olur. Meselâ, bir adamın kendi mülkünde kazmış olduğu kuyuya birinin hayvanı düşüp telef olsa zamân lazım gelmez. MC 92, 93, 796, 798, 822, 224, 875, 924, 1075, 1192.; TCK. 52, 64-67, 78, 49-51. ● Article 91. An act allowed by law cannot be made the subject of a claim to compensation. Example:- An animal belonging to A falls into a well which B has dug on his own property held in absolute ownership and such animal is destroyed . No compensation can be claimed.
92	Madde 92 - Mübâşir müteammid olmasa da zâmin olur. MC. 91, 93. 912, 913. 926; 41 vd. ● Article 92. A person who performs an act, even though not intentionally, is liable to make good any loss caused thereby.
93	Madde 93 - Mütesebbib müteammid olmadıkça zâmin olmaz. MC. 91, 93, 913, 924; TBK 41 ● Article 93. A person who is the cause of an act being performed is not liable to make good any loss caused by such act unless he has acted intentionally.
94	Madde 94 -Hayvanâtın kendiliğinden olarak cinâyet ve mazarratı hederdir. MC. 81, 929, 931, 932. 933.939 ● Article 94. No liability attaches in connection with offences of or damage caused by animals of their own accord.
95	Madde 95 - Gayrın mülkünde tasarrufla emretmek bâtıldır. MC. 96, 97, 125, 657, 1007, 1510.: TEK. 411, 413.; 900 vd. ● Article 95. Any order given for dealing with the property of any other person held in absolute ownership is void.
96	Madde 96 - Bir kimsenin mülkünde anın izni olmaksızın âhar bir kimsenin tasarruf etmesi câiz değildir. MC, MC/27, MC/45, MC/95, MC/97, MC/365.MC/446*MC/799, MC/857, MC/919, MC/1075, MC/1078, MC/1079, MC/1459, MC/1546. ● Article 96. No person may deal with the property of another held in absolute ownership without suchperson's permission.
97	Madde 97 - Bilâ-sebeb-i meşrü' birinin malını bir kimsenin ahz eylemesi câiz olmaz. MC. 95, 96, 369, MC/891, MC/889.; TMK. 2.; TBK 61, 41 ● Article 97. No person may take another person's property without some legal reason.
98	Madde 98 - Bir şeyde sebeb-i temellükün tebeddülü ol şeyin tebeddülü makâmına kâimdir. MC. 255, 869.● Article 98. Any change is the cause of the ownership of a thing held in absolute ownership is equivalent to a change in that thing itself.
99	Madde 99 — Kim ki bir şeyi vaktinden evvel isti'câl eyler ise mahrûmiyetle mu'âteb olur. TMK. 285-286.; TCK. 343, 477.● Article 99. Any person who hastens the accomplishment of a thing before its due time, is punished by being deprived thereof.
100	Madde 100 — Her kim ki kendi tarafından tamam olan şeyi nakz etmeğe sa'y ederse sa'yi merduttur. MC. 19, 356, 368, 616, 898, 1658.; TMK. 3-4. ● Article 100. If any person seeks to disavow any act performed by himself, such attempt is entirely disregarded.

g • t • d MECELLE: 2.Kitap (Boş):Kitab'ul İcârât.(Boş) Majalla/BOOK II (Dolu)
İcar . İcâr . İcârât . Hire (Adam kiralama, Arapça ecir) . Rent (Mülk kiralama). Kira . Kiralar . 1. a person who has been hired, especially in a cohort; 2. to exchange the services of for remuneration; 3. the state of being hired, or having a job; employment;
İcar	İcarat . İcar . İcâr . İcâre . İcâreten
Müstecir .	Kiralayan . Kiracı . Müstecirin vazifeleri . Renter formerly, law renter, tenant, lessee leaseholder
Mücir	Mücir . Mücirin vazifeleri
Mecur	Kiralanan
MC/	.
.

g • t • d MECELLE: 10.Kitap:KİTAB'UL ŞİRKET • Majalla:BOOK X: JOINT OWNERSHIP
x
İstilahat	Terminoloji: Şirket (JOINT)
Kitab-ı Şirket/Düz metin

g • t • d MECELLE :13.KİTAP: KİTÂBÜ'L-İKRÂR (İKRAR KİTABI) KİTÂB-I SÂLİS-İ AŞAR İKRAR HAKKINDA OLUP DÖRT BÂBI MÜŞTEMİLDİR BÂB-I EVVEL:İKRÂRIN ŞERÂ'İTİ BEYANINDADIR
MADDE 1572 - İkrâr, bir kimse diğer kinmesnenin kendisinde olan hakkını haber vermekdir. Ol kimseye mukirr ve ol kimesneye mukarrun leh ve ol hakka mukarrun bih denilir.
Terimler (Istılahat)	İkrar . Mukirr .Mukarrun leh . Mukarrun bih
Şerati(Şartları)	x

g • t • d MECELLE: 15.KİTAP: KBVT .KİTÂBÜ'L-BEYYİNÂT VE'T-TAHLîF . KBVT/Düz metin . Kitab-ı Beyyinat ve Tehalif eski. Kitab-ı beyyinat ve tehalif yeni buna yönlendir . DRİVE
Beyyine külfeti
Istılahat (Terimler	Tevatür. Beyyine . Beyyinât. Beyyinat. Tehalif.
KBVT/Fasl-ı Evvel	İlk fasıl:

g • t • d MECELLE: 16. KİTAP Kitab-ı Kaza (ANA)- KİTÂBÜ'L-KAZÂ - KİTÂB-I SÂDİS-İ AŞAR :KAZÂ HAKKINDA OLUP BİR MUKADDİME İLE DÖRT BÂBI MÜŞTEMİLDİR Kitab-ı Kaza/Günümüz Türkçesiyle Karşılaştırılmalı ve güncel Türkçe olup Güncel Türkesi gözden geçirilip mukayeler geliştirilmelidir. KİTÂBÜ'L-KAZÂ/Düz metin
Mukaddime	Kitab-ı Kaza/Mukaddime : Bâzı Istılâhât-ı fıkhiyye beyânındadır.Kazâ hüküm ve hâkimlik ma'nâlarına gelir. Madde 1785 - Hâkim beyne'n-nâs vuku bulan da'vâ ve muhâsamayı ahkâm-ı meşrûiasına tevfikan fasl ve hasm için taraf-ı sultânîden nasb u ta'yîn buyurulan zâttır. MC/1805. Madde 1786 - Hüküm, hâkimin muhâsamayı kat' ve hasmeylemesidir. Madde 1784 Kazâ hüküm ve hâkimlik ma'nâlarına gelir. Madde 1785 - Hâkim beyne'n-nâs vuku bulan da'vâ ve muhâsamayı ahkâm-ı meşrûiasına tevfikan fasl ve hasm için taraf-ı sultânîden nasb u ta'yîn buyurulan zâttır. Madde 1786 - Hüküm, hâkimin muhâsamayı kat' ve hasmeylemesidir. Bu dahi iki kısımdır. Kısm-ı evvel: Hâkimin hükmettim; iddi'â olunan şeyi ver demek gibi sözler ile mahkûmun bihi mahkûmun aleyhe ilzâm etmesi yani lâzım kılmasıdır. İşte buna kazâ-i ilzam ve kazâ-i istihkâm denilir. Kısm-ı Sânî: Hakkın yokdur, münâza'adan memnû'sun demek gibi sözler ile hâkimin müdde'îyi münâza'adan men' etmesidir. Buna dahi kazâ-i terk denilir. MC. 1331.; HUMK. 388-393. Madde 1787 — Mahkûmun bih, hâkimin mahkûmun aleyhe ilzâm ettiği şeylerdir ki, kazâ-i ilzam müdde'înin hakkını îfâ etmesi ve kazâ-i terkde müdde'înin münâza'adan vazgeçmesidir.MC. 1619. Madde 1788 - Mahkûmun aleyh, aleyhine hükmolunan kimesnedir. MC. 1676. Madde 1789 — Mahkûmun leh, lehine hükmolunan kimsedir. MC. 1697. Madde 1790 Tahkîm hasmeynin husûmet ve da'vâlarını fasl için rızâları ile âhar kimseyi hâkim ittihaz etmelerinden ibârettir. Ol kimseye fethateyn ile hakem ve mimlin zammı ve hâ'nın fethi ve kâf-ı müşeddede-i meftûha ile muhakkem denilir. Madde 1791 - Vekîl-i musahhar, mahkemeye ihzâr olunamayan müdde'â aleyhe hâkim tarafından nasb olunan vekîldir, MC, 1844.
Hakim	Kitab-ı Kaza/BÂB-I EVVEL : 1 Fasl-ı Evvel :Hâkimin evsâfı beyânındadır. 2 Fasl-ı Sânî: Hâkimin âdâbı beyânındadır. 3 Fasl-ı Sâlis:Hâkimin vezâ'ifi beyânındadır. 4 Fasl-ı Râbii :Sûret-i muhâkemeye dâirdir.
Hüküm	BÂB-I SÂNÎ :1 Fasl-ı Evvel: Hükmün şurûtu beyânındadır . 2 Fasl-ı Sâni: Hükm-i gıyâbî beyânındadır.
Davanın rüyeti	BÂB-I SÂLİS: DA'VÂNIN BADEL-HÜKM RÜYETİ HAKKINDADIR.
Tahkim	BÂB-I RÂBİ' . TAHKîME DÂiR MESÂİL BEYÂNINDADIR
HÜKKÂMA DÂiR OLUP DÖRT FASLI HÂVîDİR Fasl-ı Evvel: Hâkimin evsâfi beyânındadır Madde 1792 Hâkim, hakîm, fehîm, müstakîm ve emîn, mekîn, metîn olmalıdır. Madde 1793 - Hâkim mesâ'il-i fıkhiyyeye ve usûl-i muhâkemeye vâkıf ve deâvî-i vâkıfayı onlara tatbîkan fasl ve hasma muktedir olmalıdır. Madde 1794 Hâkimin temyîz-i tâmma muktedir olması lâzımdır. Fasl-ı Sânî: Hâkimin âdâbı beyânındadır Madde 1795 alış veriş ve mülâtefe Madde 1796 - Hâkim iki hasımdan hiçbirisinin hediyesini kabul etmez. Madde 1797 mütehâkimeynin ziyâfetine gitmez.Madde 1798 hânesine kabûl etmek ve biriyle halvet veyahut ikisinden birisine el ya göz veya baş ile işâret eylemek veya onlardan birisine gizli lakırdı yahut diğerinin bilmediği lisan ile söz söylemek gibi Madde 1799 -- Hâkim beyne'l-hasmeyn adl ile me'mûrdur. Binâenaleyh tarafeynden biri her ne kadar eşrâfdan ve diğeri ahâd-ı nâsdan olsa bile hîn-i muhâkemede tarafeyni oturtmak ve kendilerine imâle-i nazar ve hitâb etmek gibi muhâkemeye müte'allık muhâkemâtda tamâmıyla adi ve müsâvât ri'âyet etmesi lâzımdır.Fasl-ı Sânî: Hâkimin vezâ'ifi beyânındadır Madde 1800 - Hâkim, taraf-1 Sultândan icrây-ı muhâkemeye ve hükme vekildir, Madde 1801 -- Kazâ, zaman 've makân ile ve bazı husûsâtın istisnâsı ile tekayyüd ve tahassus eder. Ve bir mahkeme-i mu'ayyenede hükmetmek üzere nasbolunan hâkim ancak ol mahkemede hükmedip diğer bir mahalde hükmedemez. Ve kezâlik maslahat-ı âmme mülâhaza-i âdilesine binâen filan husûsa müteiallik da'vâ istimâ' olunmaya deyu emr-i sultânî sâdır olsa hâkim ol dalvâyı istimâd ve hükmedemez. Veyahut bir mahkeme hâkimi bazı husûsât-ı mu'ayyene istimâ'ına me'zûn olup da mâ'adâsını istimâ'a me'zûn olmasa ol hâkim ancak me'zûn olduğu husûsâtı istimâ' ve hükmeder. Mâladâsını istimâ' ve ve hükmedemez. Ve kezâlik bir müctehidin bir hususda re'yi, nâsa erfak ve maslahat-ı asra evfak olduğuna binâen onun re'yi ile amel olunmak üzere emr-i sultânî sâdır olsa ol husûsda hâkim ol müctehidin re'yine münâfi dîğer bir müctehidin re'yi ile amel edemez, ederse hükmü nâfiz olmaz. Madde 1802 - Bir da'vâyı malan istimâ' ve hükmetmek üzre nasb olunan iki hâkimden yalnız birisi ol da'vâyı istimâ' ve hükmedemez; ederse hükmü nâfiz olmaz. (1465.) maddeye bak. Madde 1803 - Mütedaddid hâkimi olan beldede hasmeynden birisi bir hâkimin ve diğer öbür hâkimin huzûrunda murâfa'a olmak isteyip de bu vechile beynlerinde ihtilâfvâki' olsa müddetâ aleyhin iddi'â eylediği hâkim tercih olunur. Madde 1804 - Bir hâkimin azli Madde 1806 Hâkimin istimâ' eylediği beyyine ile kendisi hükmedebilir. nâ'ib de . Şöyle ki, hâkim bir da'vâ hakkında beyyine istimâ'ı ve nâ'ibe ihbâr eylese nâ'ibi i'âde-i beyyine etmeksizin hâkimin ihbârı ile hükmedebilir ve hükme me'zûn olan nâ'ib bir husûsda beyyine istimâl edip de hâkime inhâ eylese hâkim i'âde-i beyyine etmeksizin nâ'ibin inhâsı ile hükmedebilir ammâ hükme me'zûn olmayıp da ancak tedkik ve istikşâf için beyyine istimâ'ına memûr olan kimsenin inhâsı ile hâkim hükmedemeyip bizzat istimâ'-ı beyyine etmesi lâzımdır. Madde 1807 Başka kazada hakimlik Madde 1808 - Davaya bakma yasagı Madde 1809 - Bir belde hâkiminin bir kimesne ile da'vâsı olduğu sûretde ol beldede dîğer hâkim varsa onun huzûrunda murâfa'a olurlar. muvellâ istid'â etmek. Madde 1810 - Hâkim ru'yet-i da'vâda el-akdemü fe'l-akdem kâ'idesine ri'âyet etmelidir. Madde 1811 istiftâ' etmesi câizdir. Madde 1812 - Hâkim, ğam ve ğussa ve açlık ve ğalebe-i nevm gibi sıhhat-ı tefekkküre mâni' olabilecek bir ârıza ile zihni müşevveş olduğu halde hükme tesaddî etmemelidir. Madde 1813 Hâkim murâfa'âtda icrây-ı tedkîkât etmekle beraber işi sürüncemede bırakmamalıdır.Madde 1814 sicillât defteri ilâmât ve senedâtı kayd muhafaza devir Fasl-ı Râbii:Sûret-i muhâkemeye dâirdir.Madde 1815 Hâkim muhâkemeye alenen icrâ eder. Fakat kable'l-hükm ne vechile hükmedileceğini ifşâ etmez. Madde 1816 — Hâkim evvelen müdde'îye da'vâsını takrîr ettirir. Ve evvelce da'vâsı tahrîren zabt olunmuş ise, davayı kırâaat ile mazmûnu kendisine tasdîk ettirilir . Madde 1817 Müddde'â aleyh, inkâr ederse hâkim müdde'îden beyyine talep eder. Madde 1818 müdde'â aleyhe yemîn teklîfi . Madde 1819Müddeinin yemin vermemesi Madde 1820 . nükûl . Madde 1821. Madde 1822 — sükut inkar sayılır.Madde 1823. Madde 1824 .Madde 1825 .Madde 1826.Madde 1827 BÂB-I SÂNÎ:HÜKME DÂiR OLUP İKİ FASLI MÜŞTEMİLDİR Fasl-ı Evvel:Hükmün şurûtu beyânındadır Madde 1829 Hükümde sebka-i da'vâ şartdır. Da'vâ sebk etmeden vukû' bulan hüküm sahîh olmaz. Madde 1830 -Madde 1831 Müdde'â aleyhin vekîli muvâcehesinde ikâme-i beyyine olundukdan sonra müdde'â aleyh bizzat meclis-i hükme hâzır olsa hâkim beyyine ile müddeâ aleyh üzerine hükmedebilir, Ve bilakis müddetâ aleyhin muvâcehesinde ikâme-i beyyine olundukdan sonra vekil meclise hâzır olsa hâkim ol beyyine ile vekîlin üzerine hükmedebelir. Fals-ı Sâni:Hükm-i gıyâbî Madde 1833 Madde 1834 Madde 1835 Madde 1836 BÂB-I SÂLiS:DA'VÂNIN BADEL-HÜKM RÜYETİ Madde 1837 Madde 1839 Madde 1840 BÂB-I RÂBİ':TAHKîMMadde 1841 Hukûk-ı nâsa mütedallık mal da'vâlarında tahkîm câizdir,Madde 1842 Madde 1843 Mahkemenin taaddüdü Madde 1844 Madde 1845 .Madde 1846 .Madde 1847.Madde 1848.Madde 1849- Madde 1850 - Madde 1851

g • t • d ARAPÇA Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye • مجلة احكام عدلى Mecelle Esbâb-ı Mûcibe Mazbatası . Mecelle/Sadaretin Arzı ve İrade-i Seniyye . Mecelle/Mukaddime . Majalla/Introduction . Majalla/Part I. Majalla/ PART II Mecelle/İlk 100 MADDE: MC/1. MC/2. Mecelle'den seçme hükümler güzel medeni kanun hükümleri Mecellenin külli kaideleri. Mecellenin ilk 100 maddesi. Mecellenin ilk 100 maddesi/Osmanlıca. Mecellenin ilk 100 maddesi/Arapça. Mecellenin ilk 100 maddesi/Arapça Osmanlıca Türkçe. Mecellenin ilk 100 maddesi/Türkçe kelime izahlı. Mecellenin ilk 100 maddesi/Arabi Türki İzahlı ve Şerhli. Mecelle/Hukukun Kavaid-i Külliyesi.
son çalışmalar:Osmanlıca PDF mecelle• İddianame için: mütevatirin aleyhine Beyyine kabul olunmaz. Madde 73.md Hatası zahir olan zanna itibar yoktur MM hocası Atıf Bey şerhi - Archive org Atif bey mecelle Şerhi
Esbabı Mucibe	Mecelle Esbâb-ı Mûcibe Mazbatası .
Arz-ı Sadaret	Mecelle/Sadaretin Arzı ve İrade-i Seniyye .
Mukaddime	Mecelle/Mukaddime Majalla/Introduction .MAJALLA . Majalla/Part I. Majalla/ PART II
Mecelle/İlk 100 MADDE	MC/1. MC/2. Mecelle'den seçme hükümler güzel medeni kanun hümleri Mecellenin külli kaideleri Mecellenin ilk 100 maddesi - Mecellenin ilk 100 maddesi/Osmanlıca Mecellenin ilk 100 maddesi/Arapça Mecellenin ilk 100 maddesi/Arapça Osmanlıca Türkçe Mecellenin ilk 100 maddesi/Türkçe kelime izahlı Mecellenin ilk 100 maddesi/Arabi Türki İzahlı ve Şerhli Mecelle/Hukukun Kavaid-i Külliyesi
Mecelle/Kitaplar	Mukaddime . Mecelle/Kitaplar: Kitab-ı Büyu’ Kitab-ı Dava : Mecelle'de şahit maddeleri [9]:591: Şehadetin tarifi ve nisabı - 591 Şehadetin keyfiyeti edası - 591 Şehadetin şurutu esasiyesi - 591 Şehadetin davaya muvafakatı s599- Şahitlerin ihtilafı s603 - karinei katı'a beyanında syf614 - Kitab-í beyyinat ve tehalifs.589 Tahlif breyanında - Tercih-i beyanat ve tahlif - Tenazu-u bil-eyd -Tercih-i beyanat - Tehalüfe dairs630 - Söz kimin olduğuna ve tahkim- i hale dair s 628- Kitab-u Kaza - Hakime dair dört fası s638 Hakimin evsafı s 638 - Hakimin adabı - Hakimin vezaifi - Hükme dair 648 - Hükmün şurutu s 648
PDF	Mecelle/PDFleri PDF Osmanlıca mecelle• Dosya:ENG Ottoman Majalle (Civil Law).pdf Dosya:232(1).pdf MM hocası Atıf Bey şerhi - Archive org Atif bey serhi Kitab-ı Dava -Kitab-ı beyyinat ve tehalif Doc kitabi dava• Kitab-ı Kaza• •Mecellenin külli kaideleri Mecelle/English
Türki	Mecelle/Türkçe Temyiz Reisi Ali Haydar Efendi Dürer-ül Hükkam şerhi
ARABİ	Mecelle/Arabi Mecelle/Arapça : Salim bin Rüstem Baz Şerh-ül Mecelle شرح المجل• درر الحكام شرح مجلة الأحكام المؤلف: علي حيدر درر الحكام شرح مجلة الأحكام; المؤلف: علي حيدر; حالة الفهرسة: مفهرس فهرسة كاملة; الناشر: دار عالم الكتب; شرح المجلة (مجلة الأحكام العدلية الفقهية) تأليف: سليم رستم الباز Şerh-ül fıkıh
Fransizca	Mecelle/Fransızca şerhi G.Sinapian Code Civil Ottoman
English	Mecelle/English : AL-MAJALLA AL AHKAM AL ADALIYYAH (The Ottoman Courts Manual )
Rumca	Mecelle/Rumca
Şerh	Mecelle şerhleri : Dürerül Hükkam Şerhu Mecelletil Ahkam- Hocaefendizade- Ali Haydar EFENDİ - Mir'at-i mecelle Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliyeden Kitab ül-Beyyinat ve Tahlif Atıf Bey Kuyucaklızade
Kısımları	Baslangiç, Fikih Temel bilgileri olup, yüz birden dört yüz üçüncü maddeye kadardir. Ikinci kisim, Kirâ bilgileri olup, alti yüz on birinci maddeye kadardir. Üçüncü kisim, Kefil Olmak bilgileridir. Alti yüz yetmis ikinci maddeye kadardir. Dördüncü kisim Havâle bilgisi, yedi yüzüncü maddeye kadardir. Besinci kisim, Rehin olup, yedi yüz altmis birinci maddeye kadardir. Altinci kisim, Emânet’tir. Sekiz yüz otuz ikinci maddeye kadardir. Yedinci kisim, Hibe bagislamaktir. Sekiz yüz sekseninci maddeye kadardir. Sekizinci kisim, Gasb ve Zarar’dir. Dokuz yüz kirkinci maddeye kadardir. Dokuzuncu kisim, Hicr ve Ikrâh’dir. Bin kirk dördüncü maddeye kadardir. Onuncu kisim, Şirketler ve Sosyal Bilgiler’dir. Bin dört yüz kirk sekizinci maddeye kadardir. On birinci kisim, Vekâlet’tir. Bin bes yüz otuzuncu maddeye kadardir. On ikinci kisim, Sulh ve Afv’dir. Bin bes yüz yetmis birinci maddeye kadardir. On üçüncü kisim, Ikrâr’dir. Bin alti yüz on ikinci maddeye kadardir. On dördüncü kisim, Da’va’dir. Bin alti yüz yetmis besinci maddeye kadardir. On besinci kisim, Isbât ve Yemin’dir. Bin yedi yüz seksen üçüncü maddeye kadardir. On altinci kisim, Hâkimlik’tir. Bin sekiz yüz elli birinci maddeye kadardir.
Ahkam	Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliye
Şerh	Mecelle şerhleri : Dürerül Hükkam Şerhu Mecelletil Ahkam- Hocaefendizade- Ali Haydar EFENDİ - Mir'at-i mecelle Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliyeden Kitab ül-Beyyinat ve Tahlif Atıf Bey Kuyucaklızade
Kısımları	Baslangiç, Fikih Temel bilgileri olup, yüz birden dört yüz üçüncü maddeye kadardir. Ikinci kisim, Kirâ bilgileri olup, alti yüz on birinci maddeye kadardir. Üçüncü kisim, Kefil Olmak bilgileridir. Alti yüz yetmis ikinci maddeye kadardir
Çalışmalar	Tafsili Mecelle - İcmali Mecelle - İzahlı Mecelle - Mecelle şerhi - Mecelle Taramaları - Osmanlıca Mecelle - Mecelle/Şerhleri- Karşılaştırmalı Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliye: Mecelle Ta'dilleri ve ...
Mecelle kartelası . Mecelle'nin Tadili

g • t • d FRANSIZCA :Mecelle/Fransızca . Le Medjellé (ou « la Medjellé » ; en turc : Mecelle, de l'arabe مجلة / majalla), aussi appelé « le Code civil ottoman », était composé de 16 livres et entra en vigueur en 1876 . Bu çalışmanın internette sayısal kelime işlemci olarak ilk kez sunulmasının öncülüğü Eyüp Sabri Kartal'a aittir. Mecelle/Tercümeleri . Mecelle/RAPORT ADRESSÉ A S. A. LE GRAND-VIZIR .Mecelle/Fransızca/SECTION I. Mecelle/Fransızca/SECTION II Principes fondamentaux du Droit Sacré : Macelle/Fransızca/1+99
Mevzuat/Fransızca (Lagislation Ottomane) . Dosya:Osmanlı mevzuatı Fransızca procsverbaldepa00oriegoog.pdf - Dosya:Mecelle Fransızca Majalla .pdf - Dosya:Mecelle Ftansızca legislation ottom02nikogoog.pdf . Dosya:Hello.pdf Bir sayfa -Dosya:Mecelle Fransızca Majalla .pdf - (Demetrius Nicolaides, Code Civil Ottoman, İstanbul 1881; G. Young, Corps de Droit Ottoman, Oxford 1906, VI, 169-446) Girit üniversitesi taramalarında 6 basımıda mevcut [10] (lütfen bizim üniversitelere yuh falan demeyiniz.. Yazıklar olsun demeyiniz...
Takdim	Dimitri Nikolaidi Takdimi - AVERTISSEMENT DE L'ÉDITEUR
Rapport	Mecelle/RAPORT ADRESSÉ A S. A. LE GRAND-VIZIR
Section I	Mecelle/Fransızca/SECTION I
Maxims	Mecelle/Fransızca/SECTION II : Principes fondamentaux du Droit Sacré : Macelle/Fransızca/1+99

g • t • d MECELLE: Mecelle cemiyeti
Başkan : Ahmet Cevdet Paşa
Üyeler	1) Filibeli Halil Efendi, 2) Seyfeddin İsmail Efendi, 3) Sirvanizâde Seyyid Ahmed Hulûsi Efendi, 4) Ahmed Hilmi Efendi, 5) Bağdatlı Muhammed Emin Efendi, 6) İbn-i Âbidinzâde Alâeddin Efendi, 7) Gerdankıran Ömer Hulûsi Efendi, 8) Şeyhülislâm Kara Halil Efendi, 9) İsa Ruhî Efendi, 10) Yunus Vehbi Efendi, 11) Abdüllatif Şükrü Efendi, 12) Ahmed Hâlid Efendi, 13) Karinâbadli Ömer Hilmi Efendi, 14) Abdüssettar Efendi
Oluşumu	Hanefî fıkhından muktebes bir medenî kanun vücuda getirmek için Celaleddin Devvanî’nin Def-i Mezâlim adlı eserinden mülhem olarak, şer‘î mahkemelerin yanı başında nizamiye mahkemelerinin bulunmasında bir mahzûr görmeyen Cevdet Paşa’nın muârızları ile olan mücâdelesi şöyle hulâsa olunabilir: Başta Fransa elçisi olmak üzere muârızları 1804 tarihli Fransız Medenî Kanunu’nun kabulüne taraftar idiler. Ticâret nazırı Kabulî Paşa Fransız Codé Civil’ini Türkçe’ye tercüme ettirerek tasdik için Meclis-i Vükelâ’ya getirmiş idi. Bu husûsun müzâkeresi için havâss-ı vükelâdan mürekkeb encümende Fuad Paşa’nın söylediği nutuktan, Şirvânî-zâde Rüşdi Paşa ile Cevdet Paşa tarafından gösterilen delîlleri dinledikten sonra, fıkıh kitaplarından muâmelâta dair, zamanın icaplarına uygun olan meseleleri toplayarak, Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye namı ile bir kitap kaleme alınmak üzere Cevdet Paşa’nın reisliği altında memleketin değerli âlimlerinden müteşekkil bir ilim cemiyeti kurulmasına karar verilmiştir. İşte Mecelle Cemiyeti diye meşhûr olan ilim cemiyeti budur. Cevdet Paşa Mecelle’nin ehemmiyetinden bahsederken, bunun bütün nizamî mahkemelerde tatbik edildiğini, Kıbrıs’ta bile İngilizler tarafından mer‘î tutulduğunu, Bulgaristan Emâreti’nin teşekkülünde Bulgarların önce Mecelle’yi kendi lisanlarına tercüme ederek kanunlarına esas olarak aldıklarını söylemiştir.
Tarihçesi	Mecelle’nin mukaddimesi ile birinci kitabı olan Bey’ 1286’da, 2. kitabı olan İcâre 1286’da, 3. kitabı olan Kefâlet 1287’de hazırlanmış ve ertesi senenin Muharrem’inde irâdesi alınmıştır. Yine bu sene Mecelle’nin 4. kitabı olan Havâle hazırlanmış ise de, bu bâbdaki cemiyet mazbatası epeyce çetin müzâkerelere marûz kalmıştır. Bu mazbatanın Sâdaret makamına takdiminden 8 gün sonra Divan-ı Ahkâm-ı Adliye nezâretinden azlolunan Cevdet Paşa’nın cemiyetten uzaklaştırılmış bulunması yüzünden çalışmalar aksamış ve bu kitap ancak senenin sonlarına doğru padişahın tasdikına sunulmuştur. 1287 senesi Şevvâl’inde Mecelle’nin 5. kitabı olan Rehin hazırlanıp Sâdaret makamına gönderilmiştir. Cevdet Paşa azledilmeden önce bu kitap oldukça hazırlanmış ve yazdığı müsveddeler kısmen tebyiz edilmiş idi. Yalnız rehinin son bahisleri olan akdin hükümlerinde bir eksiklik kalıp kalmadığını hakkı ile tetkike vakit kalmadan reislikten ayrılması üzerine fıkıhta rehinin en büyük hükmü sayılan, merhûnun telefi halinde borcun sukuta uğrayacağının tasrihi unutulmuştur. Cevdet Paşa’nın azlinden sonra zayıf bir surette teşekkül eden cemiyetin 6. kitabı olarak hazırladığı Vedia evvelki kitaplara uygun düşmediğinden her taraftan yapılan itirazlar ve tenkitler üzerine Cevdet Paşa’yı tekrar iş başına getirmek zarureti hâsıl olmuş ve bunun yerine vedia meselelerini de bir bâb halinde ihtivâ eylemek üzere Emânât kitabı yazılmıştır. 1289 yılı başlangıcında 7. kitap olan Hibe ve 8. kitap olan Gasp ve İtlaf neşredilmiştir. Bu kitapların baskı işleri ile uğraşıldığı sırada Mahmud Nedim Paşa’nın sadâret makamına gelmesi üzerine Cevdet Paşa tekrar cemiyet başından alınarak, arzusu hilâfına, Maraş valiliğine gönderilmiş ve bu yüzden yine bu iş yarım kalmıştır. Maraş vilâyetinin ilgâsı üzerine, İstanbul’a dönen Cevdet Paşa, sadrâzam Midhat Paşa tarafından, Mecelle’nin hazırlanmasına memur edildiğinden Hacir-İkrâh-Şüf’a adlı 9. kitap kaleme alınmıştır. Midhat Paşa’nın bu işe karşı gösterdiği husûsî alâka dolayısı ile toplantı yeri Bâb-ı Fetvâ’dan Bâbıâli’ye nakledilmiş olması yüzünden, Cevdet Paşa kendisini daha serbest bir muhitte bulmuş ve bu devrede hazırlanan kitapları, ilk devredekiler gibi, mûcip sebeplere dayanmak ve asrın yenilik bakımından olan icapları gözönüne alınmak suretiyle kaleme alınmıştır. 9. ve 10. Kitaplar, ihtivâ ettikleri hükümler bakımından, çok zengindir. Bunlar Bâbıâli vasıtası ile değil, Şeyhülislâm Turşucuzâde Ahmed Muhtar Efendi vasıtası ile, doğrudan doğruya padişaha sunularak, tasdik ettirilmiş ve keyfiyet Bâbıâli’ye Meşihat Dâiresi tarafından bildirilmiştir. Şeyhülislâmın eski an’anede mevcut bulunan bu salâhiyetini 1293 Kanun-ı Esasî’si dahi teyit etmiştir. Meşrutiyet’in ikinci defa ilânından sonra da bu kanunun esaslı surette değiştirilen maddelerinden biri olan 29. maddenin son fıkrasında da “Şeyhülislâm muhtâc-ı müzâkere olmayan mevâddı doğrudan doğruya arzeder” kaydı vardır. Şeyhülislâmın yazılı olmayan hükümlerde imamların kavillerinden biri yerine diğerini koymak için “imam-ı müslimîn”e yapacağı arzın müzâkereye muhtac bir keyfiyet sayılmayacağı da âşikârdır. 1291 senesinde 10. kitap olan Şirket bastırılmış ve 11. kitap olan Vekâlet ve 12. kitap olan Sulh ve İbrâ’ya ait çalışmalar bitirilmiştir. Akşehirli Hasan Fehmi Efendi’nin yeniden şeyhülislâm olması üzerine kitapları Bâbıâli vasıtası ile arzı usûlüne dönülmüş ise de bu 12. kitaba ait mazbata Sadâret’e takdim olunmadan Cevdet Paşa’nın âni olarak Yanya valiliğine tayin olunması sebebi ile çalışmaları yine yüz üstü kalmıştır. Mâmafih Yanya’ya gittikten sonra da Cevdet Paşa, gayr-i resmî olarak, bu cemiyetin işleri ile uğraşmıştır. Halbuki ikinci defa Maarif nazırlığına tayin olunduktan sonra bu husûstaki çalışmalarını az çok gevşetmiştir. Mâmafih Adliye nazırlığına ikinci defa gelen Cevdet Paşa’nın Mecelle’de bırakılan noksanı nezârete ilave olunan ticâret mahkemeleri dolayısı ile pek yakından hissetmesi ve usûl-i muhakemenin esaslı ve sâlim kaidelere raptının âcil bir ihtiyac halini alması üzerine, hukuk muhâkemesi usûlüne ait hükümleri de ihtivâ edecek olan Mecelle çalışmaları hızlanmış ve bu sırada cemiyetce tamamlanan ve 13. kitap olan İkrâr’ı Adliye nazırı unvanı ile imzalamıştır. 14. kitap olan Dâva 1293’te irâdeye sunulmuştur ve bunu 15. kitap olan Beyyinât ve müteâkıben 16. ve sonuncu olan Kazâ kitabı tâkip etmiştir. Bundan sonra cemiyet kasâme meselesi ile uğraşmış, mahkemelerce tatbikatta pek çok güçlüklere sebebiyet veren bu güç iş de irâdeye sunulan bir müzekkere ile sağlam esasa bağlanmıştır. Sultan Abdülhamid II.’in günden güne artan vehmi, cemiyete iştirâk edenlerin sayısı ne kadar az olursa olsun her toplantıyı endişe ile karşılaması yüzünden çalışmaları felce uğratmış ve Mecelle’nin 16. kitabından sonraki kitapların takdiminden vazgeçilmiştir.
Mütealalar	Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır, 1909 yılında kaleme aldığı Mehâkim-i Şer’iyye ve Hükkâm-ı Şer’ Kanunu ve Esbâb-ı Mûcibe Mazbatası’nda “kanun-ı medenîmiz” olan Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye ve Mecelle Cemiyeti hakkında şunları söylüyordu: “(…) bu devirler içinde yalnız Mecelle Cem’iyyet-i Celîlesi’nin eser-i himmeti olan kanûn-ı medenîmiz, kuvve-i kazâiyyemiz nâmına bir vesîle-i ibtihâc teşkil edebilirdi. Cem’iyyet-i müşârun ileyhânın idâmesiyle teşkîlât-ı adliyemizin ikmâline kadar o himmete mürâcaat olunmuş olaydı, Osmanlılar bugün pek muntazam bir kuvve-i kazâiyyeye mâlik olurlardı.”
Cevdet Paşa 1303 (h.) tarihinde 5. defa Adliye nazırlığına gelince, Mecelle işleri ile yeniden uğraşmaya imkân bulmuş ise de, eski arkadaşlarından yalnız Karin-abatlı Ömer Hilmi Efendi kalmış ve yeniden âzâ tayin edilenler ile cemiyet eski tecânüsünü kaybetmiştir. Nihâyet Bâb-ı Fetvâ’daki ictimâlar Abdülhamid II.’in vehimini arttırdığından Cevdet Paşa’ya yapılan itaptan ve Sadrâzam Said Paşa’nın padişahın arzusuna uygun mütâleası alındıktan sonra 26 Cemâziyelevvel 1306 tarihli irâde ile cemiyet ilgâ olunmuş ve Mecelle mesâisi resmen nihâyet bulmuştur.

g • t • d MECELLE: 1.Kitap:Kitab-ul Büyu' .Book I:Sale
Sale - Büyu' - ALIŞ VERİŞ]]
MC/101	.